Sample Research Proposal on Methodology - 1010 Words

Sample Research Proposal on Methodology Research Design The study intends to investigate the perception of Hong Kong Shoppers regarding the service and product satisfaction. Thus, this study will determine the complaint behavior of Hong Kong shoppers. For this study, primary research and secondary research will be used. Moreover, the descriptive research method will be utilized. In this method, it is possible that the study would be cheap and quick. It could also suggest unanticipated hypotheses. Nonetheless, it would be very hard to rule out alternative explanations and especially infer causations. Thus, this study will use the descriptive approach. This descriptive type of research utilizes observations in the study. To illustrate†¦show more content†¦Measurement First, the respondents shall fill out a self-administered questionnaire. Ideally, the respondents will grade each statement in the survey-questionnaire using a Likert scale (Barnett, V. 1991), with a five-response scale wherein respondents will be given five response choices. The equivalent weights for the answers will be: Range Interpretation 4.50 – 5.00 Strongly Agree 3.50 – 4.49 Agree 2.50 – 3.49 Uncertain 1.50 – 2.49 Disagree 0.00 – 1.49 Strongly Disagree The researcher opted to use the questionnaire as a tool since it is easy to construct having the rules and principles of construction are easy to follow. Moreover, copies of the questionnaire could reach a considerable number of respondents either by mail or by personal distribution. Generally, responses to a questionnaire are objectified and standardized and these make tabulation easy. But more importantly, the respondents replies are of their own free will because there is no interviewer to influence them. This is one way to avoid biases, particularly the interviewers bias. The researcher willShow MoreRelatedResearch Proposal779 Words   |  4 PagesMBA THESIS PROPOSAL GUIDELINES 1. INTRODUCTION The aim of this document is to give MBA students practical guidance about their thesis proposal. In addition to some general comments, the actual structure that should be followed in presenting the proposal is also outlined. The research proposal can serve many useful functions. The most important is that it helps the student to think out the research project he/she is about to undertake and predict any difficulties that might arise. For those who areRead MoreImproving The New Online System Essay1720 Words   |  7 Pagesmake a proposal in regards to understanding the new online systems competence. Essentially this proposal is aimed on selecting an appropriate research method based on a literature review of research in hopes to understand the online systems efficiency more profusely. The purpose of this proposal is to suggest an appropriate style of research to head management on the new online system in regards to receiving and accessing roster shifts via smartphone app. The first section of the proposal willRead MoreMarket Research At Pak Nsave Limited Making Survey Regarding Making Improvement Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pages Market research On PAK’nSAVE (8085 8086(1.1)) Submitted to: submitted by: Abdullah Niyaz Harinath Munjala – C2120 Anusha Maragani –C2126 Srikanth Bandi –C2204 Read MoreCourse 653 Lesson 171300 Words   |  6 PagesLesson 13 through 16 Course 653, Business Research Methods This lesson allows you to elaborate on the work you did in Lesson 12. Using the research proposal you developed in Lesson 12 as a foundation, choose a sampling methodology that compliments your original proposal. Do not include specific questions in your proposal. Use the structure illustrated below. The proposal will be evaluated using, in part, your use of the methodologies described in the text. Restate the Proposition or a HypothesisRead MoreA Project On Acquiring And Sharing Data Within The Cmmi Research Community1054 Words   |  5 Pagesthis collaborative proposal submitted by Georgia Tech and Northwester U entitled: â€Å"Workshop on Acquiring and Sharing Data within the CMMI Research Community,† CMMI - 1652999. This workshop aims at accomplishing goals related to data infrastructure and data access in two of the scientific communities covered by the Division of Civil, Manufacturing and Mechanical Innovation of the NSF’s Directorate for Engineering: those of infrastructure management and innovative materials research. The PIs assertRead MoreHow to Write Research Brief1222 Words   |  5 PagesHOW TO WRITE A RESEARCH BRIEF BPRI Guidelines CONTENTS Introduction What information should I include? – Background to the project – Business and Research Objectives – Target audience – Approach – Deliverables – Timings – Budget – Project Team – Next Steps INTRODUCTION This document has been produced by BPRI to help clients write effective briefs for research agencies – We have developed this in response to a number of requests we have received from clients for advice. There isRead MoreHow to Write a Research Proposal1728 Words   |  7 PagesHow to write a research proposal There is no single format for research proposals. This is because every research project is different. Different disciplines, donor organisations and academic institutions all have different formats and requirements. There are, however, several key components which must be included in every research proposal. The specific research problem will dictate what other sections are required. Key components are: †¢ A description of the research problem. †¢ An argumentRead MoreThesis Proposal Sample988 Words   |  4 PagesFaculty of Business and Enterprise Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship (AGSE) Thesis Proposal Template This is to be a word document that will be evaluated by the research committee of the Faculty of Business and Enterprise. It is recognised that under supervision, the candidate, within university policy guidelines, may change the scope and content of their research project. The proposal should cover/include the following components. 1) Title (up to 25 words) The title can be a workingRead MoreAn Investigation on the Importance of Brand Names to Consumers1586 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: The aim of this research is to find out why brand names are important to consumers. The reason why this research has been undertaken is because branding is an interesting topic, which plays a major part in everyday life. Brands are found everywhere that hardly anything today is unbranded, including clothes, food, furniture and even cars. The research will show why brands are important to consumers. This research proposal will report other authors who haveRead MoreQuantitative Qualitative Research Essays1552 Words   |  7 PagesQuantitative and Qualitative research methods, discussing the Epistemology, methodology, and the varying techniques each method uses. The essay will also take a brief look at the Ethical considerations of research using relevant psychology examples. Here, when considering the epistemology behind both research methods, we must see it in terms of our essential philosophy of ideas and concepts and the ways in which it can be shaped (Pidgeon amp; Henwood, 1997, p. 247). The methodology behind the approaches

What it takes to be a hero Essay - 874 Words

The media is quick to attach the word â€Å"hero† to anyone that does a good deed. I disagree with this because, good deeds don’t necessarily make you a hero, they make you a good person. Being heroic should come naturally. Heroes are born, not made. A hero must be courageous, kind-hearted and humble. I understand that many people have their own view on what a hero is. People label heroes by the things they do. Some even label people heroes just because they are famous. There is a big difference between a role model and a hero. It was expressed best in the article, What Makes A Hero? The Impact of Integrity on Admiration and Interpersonal Judgment, â€Å"Doing the right thing is a basis for acts of heroism and laudable accomplishment but often†¦show more content†¦I personally think someone that puts others before themselves and puts themselves at risk to better the life or situation of another is a hero. I also notice that our younger generation may be making heroes out of the wrong types of people. When I think of a hero, the first thing that pops in my head is the U.S. military. They constantly put their lives, families, and personal feelings on the backburner for their mission. They risk their lives protecting not just a few people, but all of America. Even though there are a lot of people who disagree with what they do, they continue to protect our freedoms. I know there are a lot of people who won’t agree with me but because they believe what the military does is wrong no matter the reason. There are other people that I consider heroes that are on a much smaller scale also. These heroes are firemen/women, policemen/women, some teachers and social workers. Firemen will run into a burning house one more time just to save someone’s cat because it will make them happy. They put themselves in danger for the sake of others. Police officers protect their cities even though they might not want to. They will save a murderer if he/she is in danger just as they would save anyone else. Police officers have to earn respect just like the military because people don’t agree with what their orders are. Social workers may not put their lives on the line but they wont hesitate to save children from abusiveShow MoreRelatedHero Definition Essay787 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is a Hero? â€Å"True hero is one who conquers his own anger and hatred† (Dalai Lama). For example a hero has to not hate people and see the good in people and not just the bad in everything. Moreover, people who usually hold in their anger until someone pushes them over the edge really. Far then they usually get mad, but most heroes . Although a hero is someone who does something to protect another person or animal. What is a hero a hero is someone in my opinion who does something heroicRead MoreWhat s A True Hero?856 Words   |  4 PagesWhat s a True Hero is? A true hero is someone with courage and bravely to go beyond in order to help someone, because as a child to an adult it’s a very different view point and Joseph Campbell help us understand what it takes to be a true hero. For many years, many people have used the word hero for many situations that doesn t particularly consider being a hero. If we Google the definition for the word hero; A man of distinguished courage or ability, admired for his brave deeds and noble qualitiesRead MoreEssay on True and Every Day Heros1421 Words   |  6 PagesAtlanta, Georgia works for CNN news and reported on August 22, 2013 on a story that was developing at a school named Ronald E. McNair Discovery Learning Academy. This day they reported that it does not take a physical act to be a hero. Sometimes it takes a person’s brave words and understanding to be a hero. On that day in the school a crazed gunman with an AK-47 rushed into the building shooting. He was furious and outraged at co ps. His target was not to harm children but the police officers who wouldRead MoreThe Importance Of Heroism854 Words   |  4 Pagesfirefighters, doctors etc. Heroism is a lot more than some ink on a comic book page. It is the reward of being, helping, or becoming a hero. Heroes get to inspire the next generation to take their place. Heroism involves inspiring because heroes need the courage to face a challenge and to overcome that challenge without being cowardly. Heroism is supposed to inspire other people to take a heros place because they can not do that on their own. In the poem, Soldier Home after losing his leg in Afghanistan; aRead MoreHeroes Speech783 Words   |  4 Pagessuper hero was Superman, I kind of admired him because I thought it would be cool to be able to fly and to have super-human strength, but the main reason why I liked Superman is because he helped people, no matter what. According to Times Magazine, we have become a society that is centered on self, self-gratification, self-motivation, self-indulgence, and it has been a driving force in developed countries since decades now; and as a result, we are witnesses to the slow death of the Hero. TodayRead MoreWhat Makes A Hero Or Hero?812 Words   |  4 Pagesthat man may be, in essence, a hero. Because of this stereotypical â€Å"hero†, we do not see the real heroes in life. What really IS a hero or heroine? A hero is what we make of them, although some are undeserving of this title. We make a hero. You, me, society; we all make heroes. We give them this title. Heroes are role models, and role models, in my eyes, should possess three very significant qualities. Courage, humbleness, and morality; these form a hero. The classic hero. Ah, he’s brave and bold. HeRead MoreEssay on Hero831 Words   |  4 PagesHERO He Ever Regards Others   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is a hero? Is it someone that â€Å"saves the day and gets the girl?† This used to be my definition of a hero until I grew up and really learned what a hero is. The dictionary says a hero is â€Å"a man of great strength and courage, favored by the gods and in part descended from them, often regarded as a half-god and worshiped after his death.† Through society though we are disillusioned to the identity of real hero’s and instead praise celebrities as such. Over timeRead MoreHow The Greek Myths Have On Us Today? How Do You Write A Myth?1206 Words   |  5 PagesStudents will explore the meaning of a Hero. They will understand the stucture of a story. They will read several myths. They will also take a deeper look into modern heros. What is a Hero? Unit Questions What meanings do the Greek myths have on us today? How do you write a myth? Content Questions Who were the ancient Greek heros and what were their stories? What are the qualities of a Greek hero? Who are modern heros? The students will be completed self-reflections journals at the endRead MoreThe Stages of Heros Journey1184 Words   |  5 Pagestransition that a normal man goes through to become a hero. There is a set pattern of events that take place and thus this journey forms the basic template for all the stories and folktales that have been narrated since the beginning of times. From the very fundamental bed time stories to the traditional and popular tales, heros journey is the path that has been observed to be followed by the narrator of the story. In the book called The Hero with a Thousand Faces written by Joseph Campbell, thisRead MoreHeroism Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pageslooked upon by the actions you make. Every decision you make, every encounter, and every word affects the outcome of your story. You must find your inner hero, and save yourself. What will you do to shape your own legacy? What will you do to be your own hero? Above I mentioned different ways of how to be your own hero. Although you can be your own hero, there also may be people who are heroes in your life. There are many people in my life who I would consider to be my heroes. The people who have helped

Governance Structure Influence Pension †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Governance Structure Influence Pension. Answer: Introduction: According the Corporation Law of Australia, the directors of the company have duties toward their company and employees. They have the same duties like the other directors duty in every country. They have duties of loyally and the duty of care to the company and the employees. The board member of the company appoints directors where they have duties of care and diligence toward the company and employee (Knepper et al. 2016). They must have good faith for the best interest of the company. They must have avoided the conflict of interest and solved the conflicts. They must use their position in proper way (Wolfe 2014). When and whenever they need to give proper information they must provide that to the company and as well as towards the employee. As per the given article of directors warned after boss jailed the agency theory defines the relationship between the principals and the agent in business (Welsh et al. 2013). The theory only concerned with the resolving the problems between the agent who are related to the shareholders and company executives. As per the agency theory, the directors are the agent and the shareholders are the principals. Agent theory always manages the financial responsibilities, which generate the wealth of the shareholders (Welsh et al. 2013). The directors have duties and responsibilities of both the statutory and common law. If the directors mislead any statements at the time buying the shares or participate to any other market rigging then it will be breach of their duty. When they falsify the share records or any other records, which is related to the company or insolvent trading then they must act the offence under the corporation act. As per the article directors warned after boss jailed, Company directors are on notice about the prospect of hefty penalties if they fail to meet their legal duties. Andrew Sigalla , a former chairman of Sydney-based technology company sTZ Ltd, was found guilty in November last year of 24 counts of defrauding the company. The Sydney Grammar old boy stole almost $9 million from the company, which, the court heard, he used to funds, feed a gambling addiction, and repay a $10 million mortgage. The Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) have the power and enforcement to proceed against the criminal offence by the directors. If the directors found guilty for an offense, as per the Sec- 184 they can face the financial penalty upto 2000 units or imprisonment up to five years. If they found the criminal offence in trading, they can face the financial penalty upto 4500 unit or imprisoned up to five years (Welsh et al. 20 13). The principal agent problems occur when there is any conflicts take place and contrary with the principals of the agents (Wolfe 2014). When the parties have different interest and asymmetric information related to the financial and political issues of the company then they have some conflict. However, the board members of the company can solve the issues. If any directors found guilty for a criminal offense, which affects not only the company but also the financial stages, and share market then the board member can take legal actions against that director for dishonesty and breach the duty of care (Zhang et al. 2017). Board diversity is a place where the board members of the company make the structure of the organization. As per the corporate governance, the board of directors forms the pillars of the company. In board meetings, they ensure the strategic guidance of the company. As per the guidance, it will give the benefits to the company (Deegan 2013). In diversity, there are many people make their presence with different thinking. The different factors of age, race, gender, educational background and professional qualification of the directors make the board less equivalent (Sztompka 2014). When company appoints a director, they must carry some important quality. As per the Corporation Act 2001 in Australia, the person must complete the 18 years and citizen of the Australia (Antonelli, D'Alessio and Cuomo 2017). They must have the consent of the position of directors. As per the ASIC or the court of the Australian government, a person may prohibit taking a position of director if he breached the Corporation Act (Sztompka 2014). Without the order of the court, they have no right to become the director of any company (Meutia and Febrianti 2017). Company can have more than one director. The proprietary company must have at least one director and who is the citizen of the country (Neubaum et al. 2017). For the public company there must have minimum of three directors and citizen of the Australia (Deegan 2013). If any person has, an undercharged bankrupt or convicted various dishonesty related offenses he may not eligible to be a director (Pratheepkanth, Hettihewa and Wright 2016). The Stewardship Theory is applied as an alternative view of agency theory where the managers or the directors must act as per their own self-interests at the expenses of the shareholders whereas, the Stakeholder Theory define the organizational management and business ethics which helps to maintain the moral values of any company (Pratheepkanth, Hettihewa and Wright 2016). As per the given statement, through the Stewardship and stakeholders theory the directors and the board members can manage the managements of the company (Meutia and Febrianti 2017). These specifies some mechanism which increase the loss of agencys executive compensation, levels of benefits and the incentive schemes by giving the reward through financially or offering shares which help to motivate the employees for better performance (Antonelli, D'Alessio and Cuomo 2017). Therefore, the above-mentioned theories actually formed for the framework of management in any company where the board members of the company app oint the directors through their merits and organize the company (Neubaum et al. 2017). Corporate Governance is fundamental for the success of any business organization. It is considered as a mode of attaining the goals of the organization. Every organization must adopt a good governance policy to ensure that the operations of the company is not only benefitting the members of the organization and but also the society as a whole (Tricker and Tricker 2015). Family ownership business may be looked upon either as an opportunity or a threat, depending on various factors. The ownership and commitment to the business by the family may add value to the company provided the family controlling the business is able to respond to the concerns of the investor community. Corporate governance is evaluated around certain significant theoretical frameworks of which the most essential theories are the resource dependency theory and stewardship theory. The resource dependence theory refers to the study of how the behavior of the organization is influenced or affected by the external resources of organization. The basic proposition of resource dependence theory is that there must be an environmental connection between the outside resources and the business organization. The directors of the organization must prevent the firm from any critical environmental uncertainty. The organizations rely on sources and such sources usually originate from the environment of an organization. Now, the environment includes other organizations, therefore, the needs of one organization are often in the hands of the other organizations (Hiller 2013). Since organizations depend on multidimensional resources such as capital, raw material the organizations may not be able to find out any alternate initiatives for all the multiple sources, therefore an organization should adopt the principle of scarcity and criticality. Resource dependence concerned beyond the external organizations that distributes, provided compete or finance a firm. Although executive decisions are more important than non-executive decisions, the organizational impact is greater in case of the latter. The managers of the organization are aware that the success of an organization depends on the demand of the customers (Watson et al. 2016). The stewardship theory refers to the theory that managers shall act responsible stewards with respect to the assets of the company over which the managers exercise their control. A steward may be defined as a person who safeguards and cater to the needs of others. Under the stewardship theory, the company executives safeguard the interests of the shareholders and the owners and usually take decisions on behalf of the same. This theory aims at obtaining satisfaction of the shareholders of the company (Tan and Cam 2015). Stewardship modeled based companies include environment concerns as well where the company aims at carrying out its business operations without having any drastic adverse effect on the environment. In case of family owned business, the shareholders and the creditors may not trust the companies completely owing to the probable risks relating to the misuse of rights of other shareholders. Under family owned business, where the motive of the members of the business should be to act in a way that its members are benefitted. However, such type of business suffers from inherent risks such as highly concentrated ownership, absence of accountability, poor transparency and absence of fairness principle which leads to abuse of the rights of the minor shareholders. As mentioned in the article, Joseph Gutnick have been alleged to have hidden assets of the family owned business from his future creditors ahead of the bankruptcy. The main objective for family owned business should be adoption of effective corporate governance conditions in order to retain the positive aspects of family ownership to ensure addressal and recognition of the investors interests. In Australia, both member representation and independence are considered as essential features for the pension fund boards. The trustee and the directors of a business organization are solely responsible for the management of a regulated superannuation fund. They are obligated to exercise a professional standard of care, diligence and skill. The variety of decisions that is required to be made by the superannuation trustee and its directors must include the discretions pertaining to the investment of fund assets, the management of risk and the provision of insured benefits (Madison et al. 2016). The superannuation funds operate as trusts with trustees who are responsible for the operation of their funds and in developing and executing an investment strategy (Coffee Jr, Sale and Henderson 2015). The superannuation trustees are under statutory obligation to make sure that the superannuation monies are prudently invested and consideration is given liquidity and diversification. A very few specific provisions in the Superannuation industry laid down under the Supervision Act 1993, are subject to investment exposure flaws or any asset requirement. There is neither any government guarantee of benefits nor any minimum rate of return requirements; however, there are very few minor limitations on the use and borrowing of investments and derivatives in the property and shares of employer sponsors of funds. The Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 outlines the rules and regulations that must be complied with by any superannuation fund that is the funds must adhere to the rules stipulated in the Act. The government should criminal and civil penalties for the directors of the company who fail to discharge their duties and perform their respective functions in the best interest of the members of the organization. The directors should be entitled to civil and criminal penalties if they misuse their position or take unfair advantage of their positions to the detrimental of the members of the organization (Biesenthal and Wilden 2014). In the given article, the Australian Council of Superannuation Investors claimed that the directors had sufficient time to include women directors in the Board but failed to do so which is inconsistent with the Act. The directors are legally obligated to give more priority to the interest of the business organization than to their personal interests, in the event there arises any conflict of interest while carrying out the operation of the business organization. In order to ensure that appropriate arrangements are made for dealing with the any conflict of interest that may arise out of the business operations, every director must disclose their respective interests. Reference Antonelli, V., D'Alessio, R. and Cuomo, F., 2017. Beyond Stakeholders Theory: Financial reporting and voluntary disclosure in Italian SME according to a System dynamics point of view.Economia Aziendale Online,7(4), pp.285-304 Biesenthal, C. and Wilden, R., 2014. Multi-level project governance: Trends and opportunities.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), pp.1291-1308. Coffee Jr, J.C., Sale, H. and Henderson, M.T., 2015. Securities regulation: Cases and materials Deegan, C., 2013.Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Hiller, J.S., 2013. The benefit corporation and corporate social responsibility.Journal of Business Ethics,118(2), pp.287-301. Knepper, W.E., Bailey, D.A., Bowman, K.B., Eblin, R.L. and Lane, R.S., 2016.Duty of Loyalty(Vol. 1). Liability of Corporate Officers and Directors. Madison, K., Holt, D.T., Kellermanns, F.W. and Ranft, A.L., 2016. Viewing family firm behavior and governance through the lens of agency and stewardship theories.Family Business Review,29(1), pp.65-93. Meutia, I. and Febrianti, D., 2017. Islamic Social Reporting in Islamic Banking: Stakeholders Theory Perspective. InSHS Web of Conferences(Vol. 34). EDP Sciences. Neubaum, D.O., Thomas, C.H., Dibrell, C. and Craig, J.B., 2017. Stewardship climate scale: An assessment of reliability and validity.Family Business Review, p.0894486516673701. Pratheepkanth, P., Hettihewa, S. and Wright, C.S., 2016. Corporate Governance and Financial Performance: The Case of Australia and Sri Lanka.Corporate Governance,7(1). Shi, W., Connelly, B.L. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2016. External corporate governance and financial fraud: Cognitive evaluation theory insights on agency theory prescriptions.Strategic Management Journal. Sztompka, P., 2014.Agency and Structure (RLE Social Theory): Reorienting Social Theory. Routledge. Tan, M.G. and Cam, M.A., 2015. Does governance structure influence pension fund fees and costs? An examination of Australian not-for-profit superannuation funds.Australian Journal of Management,40(1), pp.114-134. Tricker, R.B. and Tricker, R.I., 2015.Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press, USA. Watson, J., Delaney, J., Dempsey, M. and Wickramanayake, J., 2016. Australian superannuation (pension) fund product ratings and performance: A guide for fund managers.Australian Journal of Management,41(2), pp.189-211. Welsh, D.H., Memili, E., Rosplock, K., Roure, J. and Segurado, J.L., 2013. Perceptions of entrepreneurship across generations in family offices: A stewardship theory perspective.Journal of Family Business Strategy,4(3), pp.213-226. Wolfe, R.P., 2014. The Fiduciary Duty of Directors and Officers Under the Louisiana Business Corporation Act of 2014.Loy. L. Rev.,60, p.523. Zhang, F., Wei, L., Yang, J. and Zhu, L., 2017. Roles of Relationships Between Large Shareholders and Managers in Radical Innovation: A Stewardship Theory Perspective.Journal of Product Innovation Management.

Lord Of The Flies Comparison To free essay sample

Real Life Essay, Research Paper Lord Of The Fliess: A Shocking Narrative Of The Darkness Of Man # 8217 ; s Heart At first, William Golding # 8217 ; s novel, The Lord Of The Flies, seems little more than a narrative of a group of male childs, the exclusive subsisters of a plane clang, and their escapades on a abandoned island. However, as the narrative unfolds, it becomes more than a mere narrative of endurance. The island is no longer merely a topographic point for an escapade but a metaphor for the full universe, with each of the characters stand foring of import facets that make up this universe. The first intimation Golding gives us that his novel will incorporate deeper significance is the fact that the plane the male childs are going in is changeable down during the Cold War. This turns the war into something wholly existent to the male childs. It is no longer something that is traveling on far off from where they live but something that they are a portion of, that will alter their lives everlastingly. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord Of The Flies Comparison To or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One manner Golding creates representations of the grownup # 8220 ; existent universe # 8221 ; is through his characters ; Piggy, Ralph, Simon, and Jack. Piggy is the representative of engineering, mind, and instruction. He is besides the most mature and grownup like member of the group. This, along with his hapless seeing, size, speech pattern, and asthma, are why he is invariably ostracized by the others. His spectacless represent engineering, civilisation, world and ground. When they are destroyed it is a mark that the male childs are no longer utilizing ground in their actions and civilisation is going more and more a thing of the yesteryear. Ralph, on the other manus, represents authorities, authorization, order, and self subject. Although Ralph on occasion gives manner to his more crude side he is one of the lone members of the group who maintains adequate subject to seek to stay # 8220 ; civilized # 8221 ; . Lack of this quality in the other male childs is a subscriber to why civilised life on the island turns to chaos. When the group first arrives on the island they create an organized society, with a leader, Torahs, and occupations for everyone. These thoughts of an ordered society are evidently a consequence of the society they were used to at place, based around democratic values and equality. It takes great self subject from the male childs to stay by their ain regulations, and work for the benefit of the group as a whole alternatively of themselves. As clip goes on their proper society bit by bit digresses into a more and more crude province until, eventually, the island is no longer a society at all, but alter natively, a universe where the lone regulation is endurance of the fittest, and life is a free-for-all. Simon # 8217 ; s character is, at first, the most hard to understand. He is evidently different from the others and at first glimpse, apparently irrelevant. However, if you look closer, his character acts as a contrast to the rubric of the novel, Lord Of The Flies. This translates to the Greek word, # 8220 ; Beelzebub # 8221 ; besides intending the Satan, or Satan. Simon can be compared to a character in another celebrated narrative ; the bible. Just like Jesus Christ, Simon cares for the little and vulnerable. He loves nature and life. He is the lone member of the group who is neer scared. He even voluntaries to venture through the wood on his ain. This is because, like Jesus, he is certain that destiny is inevitable and what is bound to go on, will. In each narrative both were able to suppress what others feared ; Simon, The Lord Of The Fliess and Jesus, decease. Jesus did this for all of world and Simon for every male child on the island. We can reason that Simon # 8217 ; s ha llucinated brush with the Sow # 8217 ; s caput is a consequence of his epilepsy. However, the vision he sees really makes sense. The Beast says to him, â€Å"Fancy believing the animal was something you could run down and kill†¦ I’m a portion of you†¦ Why things are the manner they are.† The point Golding is seeking to do is that the capacity for evil prevarications within all people, and without ethical motives, authorities and Torahs it is bound to finally come up, conveying out the worst in all, and turning ordered society to entire pandemonium. Simon realizes this and rushes to state the others. The shocking and sad stoping to both Simon and Jesus’ narratives is that when each of these characters attempt to portion what they have discovered with the others, they are killed in choler and the false belief that they are evil. Another manner that the thought of a higher being is used in the novel occurs in chapter five when Ralph calls, out of despair, for a message from the grownup universe. This represents adults’ demand to turn to god or a hi gher being in times of desperation, when they are diffident of what to make. When the parachutist’s cadaver lands on the island after Ralph’s supplication, it is a symbol that the grownup universe is making merely every bit severely as they are ; and no 1 can assist them but themselves. Jack Merridew acts as the image of force, aggression, lawlessness, pagan religion, the devastation of engineering and pureness, the effort to get rid of authorities, and the all right line between humanitarianism and savageness. In the beginning he agrees with Ralph that regulations should be set and followed. However, he is the first to interrupt them, about destroying their opportunities of deliverance from the island. This occurs when he neglects his responsibilities of maintaining a fire traveling and alternatively, goes runing, ignorant of the fact that a ship is go throughing the island. After this, Jack continues to prefer to run and hold a good clip instead than work towards constructing a proper society and acquiring rescued. Besides, in the beginning, he can non convey himself to stop the life of a hog. However, as he becomes less and less attached to social norms, he shortly feels no shame in killing hogs, and by the terminal no shame in the deceases of Simon and Piggy nor the effort to kill Ralph. Golding frequently uses puting to add contrast to his characters and their actions. He does this by showing nature # 8217 ; s indifference to mankind. In many novels nature is portrayed as world # 8217 ; s place and defender. In Golding # 8217 ; s narrative, nevertheless, this is non the instance. Nature on the island is wholly apathetic to the male childs # 8217 ; being. An illustration of this is when Jack and his folk are runing a big sow. After they stab her with their lances and she is reeling about, hemorrhage, and deceasing, Golding provinces, # 8220 ; # 8230 ; She staggered into an unfastened infinite where bright flowers grew and butterflies danced # 8217 ; round each other and the air was hot and still # 8230 ; # 8221 ; Despite the fact that a genuinely hardhearted act is taking topographic point, the beauties of nature continue to be ; wholly unaware of world and his evil ways. Golding uses the subject of his novel as an effort to follow the defects of society back to that of human nature, contrary to the common belief that adult male is guiltless and society immorality. Symbolism can be found in about every facet of this fresh, peculiarly through the development of characters and puting. The island and it # 8217 ; s dwellers are used as representatives of our universe and society. William Golding is reminding and warning us of the certain capacity for immorality that lies in all of adult male, and that adult male # 8217 ; s morality is simply superficial. However, it is this moral unity, along with authorities, regulations, and order that must predominate in order for us to be ethical and therefore for society to be maintained.

In Recent Times, There Have Been Few Ideas Of Such Compelling Force As

In recent times, there have been few ideas of such compelling force as the concept of World Heritage. There are places in nature and culture with a value and importance reaching far across geographical and political boundaries and becoming a heritage of the world in general. This promising idea was taken up by an International Convention of the Unesco in 1972. Today over 100 countries have joined it. This Convention does not only strengthen the idea that all countries should make the defence of a unique, exceptional heritage a common cause, but for the first time it draws up a single List where sites of nature and culture rank side by side. The Great Canyon of the Colorado or the Galapagos Islands form part of the same List together with the Monastery of El Escorial and the Taj Mahal. At the suggestion of the member countries, the Convention is responsible for drawing up this World Heritage List which grows every year as new sites of nature and culture considered exceptional are added. Upon application, it also shares out the technical and financial aid required for the protection of these sites of universal value. Although late in joining -May 4th, 1982- Spain is today one of the countries with the greatest number of sites included in the World Heritage List. By January 1996, 2 natural and 19 cultural sites belonging to different Autonomous Communities had reached the List. In 1984, La Alhambra and El Generalife (later with Albayzin), the Cathedral of Burgos, the Monastery of El Escorial, the mosque of Cordoba (later with other monuments in historic center) as well as the G?ell Park and Palace together with Gaudi's Mila House in Barcelona were included. In 1985, the Altamira Caves, the old city of Avila with its curtain walls, the aqueduct and old city of Segovia, the Pre-Romanesque sites in Asturias as well as Santiago de Compostela also joined the list. In 1986, not only the old city of Toledo was put on it, but also the old part of Caceres, the Mudejar towers in Teruel and the first Spanish nature site on the List, Garajonay National Park on the Canary Island of La Gomera. In 1987, the buil ding complex consisting of the Cathedral, the Alcazar (ie, Moorish fortress) and La Lonja (Auction Hall) of Seville. In 1988, the city of Salamanca. In 1991, Poblet Monastery. In 1993, archaeological ensemble of M?rida, Royal Monastery of Santa Mar?a de Guadalupe and the Route of Santiago de Compostela. Finally, in 1994, Do?ana National Park is put on the List. "La Casa Real Vieja", ie, the Old Royal House, consists of a series of rooms called "Cuartos a Palacio", a peculiar name given to a number of rooms that make up La Alhambra and were built one after another as the need for them arose. There are four main patios or inner courts: the one at the entrance, Machuca, Comares and the one of Los Leones (ie, the Lions). Only the last two have survived intact to our days. Between the Machuca and Comares Patios lies El Mexuar, a large hall of justice, and El Patio del Cuarto Dorado (ie, of the Golden Room). The buildings surrounding each of the patios are accurately and symmetrically distributed, but each complex by itself is organised more freely. The towers of the curtain wall have richly decorated rooms and some of them are small, sumptuous palaces. Outstanding are the Tower of Las Infantas, the Tower of La Cautiva (ie, the Captive One) and the Tower of Las Damas. The decoration of La Alhambra is of great importance. Among the most significant decorative elements are the skirtings of glazed tiles, the walls, friezes and series of arches covered with "atauriques" (ie, plaster or stucco decorative plant motifs characteristic of Caliphal art) and the ceilings decorated with bows, stalactites or "mocarae" (ie, designs of several prisms on a concave base) which in combination give the halls of these palaces an appearance of dazzling sumptuousness. El Generalife, the summer palace of the Nasrid kings of Granada, stands on top of the hill of El Sol (ie, the Sun), which is twin to the one of La Alhambra and also towers over

Paradise Lost †Satan VS God

Paradise Lost – Satan VS God Free Online Research Papers â€Å"The mind itself can make a heaven out of hell, a hell of heaven† (Milton, line? Vs?) In the poem, â€Å"Paradise Lost† Satan was thrown out of heaven for rebelling against God and all that is good. He was the archangel and is the most beautiful and perfect angel, but he was not so perfect because he had flaws. Some of the flaws he had were pride that led to ambition and jealousy that led deception. The flaw that led him to destruction was pride, because since he was the most beautiful angel, he believed he was the greatest in heaven. He questioned why should he serve God, and evidently led a rebellion against God in a chance to overthrow Him. This was a very pathetic thing to do, because God created him and gave him all his beauty. Lucifer fought God in a holy war, lost, and was cast out of heaven and into hell. Since then Lucifer has sworn to do the opposite of God. â€Å"And out of good still to find means of evil† (line 165) this sentence shows how much hatred Lucifer had, towards God after being thrown out of heaven. His first offense towards God wa s to overthrow Him. Since that plan failed, his next plan is to disrupt whatever good God does. This is Satan’s plan opposed to God’s plan to turn everything that Satan does badly into good. Pride is the sin, which drove Satan’s adrenaline. It was his energy drink, and it drove him to Hell; and even while in Hell it took him as far as to accept Hell as his domain, all because he was too proud to say that he was in a bad situation. Satan’s pride was leading him to his destruction, the key letter in pride is I and that is what he was thinking about the whole time. Pride led to Satan’s very poor choices. Satan was just thinking about â€Å"how could I become in charge. How can I overthrow God and rule everything? God does not want to force us to serve him and to love him. He created us and gave us life but left the decision to love and follow Him ultimately up to us. The human flaw as to every creation of God is freedom of will. Since we have free will, we make stupid mistakes in life and because of free will many things are bad in life. God is giving us a choice; it is up to use to make that choice, whether you decide to serve him or not is up each person. When you serve the Lord, you know that you will always be safe. It does not mean that nothing bad will ever happen to you, but you would know that you are safe from going to hell. Life is always full of surprises, and no one can know what is going to happen. One’s mind is the most important part of one’s body. The mind is what makes decisions and choices. In the poem, Satan says, â€Å"the mind is its own place, and in itself can make a Heaven of Hell, a Hell of Heaven.† This states that Satan is so determined to go ag ainst God that he would train his mind and thoughts to think a particular way and see the Hell as a beautiful place. â€Å"Better to rein in Hell than to serve in Heaven† (line 263) this sentence gives us insight on how Satan’s mind is thinking. He is not willing to bow his head to anyone over him. He thinks he knows more than God, and he will not give in, no matter how dire the circumstances. In his mind, he believes that he will be the ruler of hell when in fact he will be suffering just like the other souls there. There will be no ruler and everyone will suffer for eternity. As Satan was in hell, he looks and sees that God was occupied with his latest creation, man. He saw that God had forgotten about him and that he had moved on. He then got the idea that he would infect what God loved most. He came into the Garden of Eden and tempted Eve to sin â€Å"And the serpent said unto the woman, ye shall not surely die: For God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil.† (Genesis 3:4-3:5) By doing so, Eve was going against God; as she did, she brought Adam into sin as well. If God wanted his creation, Satan would give it to him, but in a less than perfect state, and not by lying-just twisting the truth, or â€Å"putting a spin on it† in today’s vernacular. Because Satan tempted Eve to sin, humans must suffer for those sins and only through In the deception of Eve and ultimately the human race, only a perfect sacrifice would make up for man’s flaw, that of Jesus Christ, a perfect human sacrifice, who can free man from his sin God’s creations have freedom of will. We cannot blame others for our mistakes and must take responsibility for our actions. Adam and Eve had the free will not to eat the forbidden fruit and not to listen to Satan, but they let their curiosity get the best of them and committed the sin. Do I have the sin of pride in my own life-sure? Is pride bad? Not in itself. It’s what is done with pride. If it destroys another human being, then I have allowed Satan a foothold into my heart. If that pride leads to ambition which leads to deception, then I have allowed Satan a foothold. According to Milton and the Bible, Satan is the father of all lies which begins with his pride and ambition. If I analyze decisions when I go wrong, usually I don’t want to admit my flaw (pride), or I want to get to the top the easy way even at someone else’s expense (ambition), and I might tell a half truth to get me to that point (deception). Sometimes bad things just happen to good people through poor choices; according to Milton, Satan is at the heart of man’s fall, all of us, and seeing it depicted through the blind poet’s eyes, has opened my own to myself. The way I see things, when something bad happens to me, I think about the situation and try an d see where I did wrong, because if something happens to me, right away I assume that I did something wrong and am paying for that wrong doing. Sometimes it is not that, sometimes bad things just happen because someone else’s sins intervene with your life and mess up your life at the same time fixing theirs. Thus, or so, Satan’s pride was his main character flaw. Pride as an angel thinking he could overthrow God; and pride in himself causing ambition that he could actually take on God and win in this battle for God’s creation. Proverbs 16:18-16:19 â€Å"Pride [goeth] before destruction and a haughty spirit before a fall. Better [it is to be] of an humble spirit with the lowly, than to divide the spoil with the proud.† Satan should have heeded this warning. Resources: genesis.net.au/~bible/kjv/genesis/ divineplan.org/htdbv5/htdb0020.htm Research Papers on Paradise Lost - â€Å"Satan VS God†Mind TravelAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionQuebec and CanadaThe Hockey GameWhere Wild and West MeetPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Hip-Hop is Art

Employment Law Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Employment Law - Article Example They are the only ones who can file a complaint under this law. But, they are required to show proof of the alleged discrimination because in all cases coming under the jurisdiction of judicial or agencies exercising quasi-judicial functions it is necessary that there is proof to support any claim. Opinions or belief of discrimination are not accepted. There must be proof to show that discrimination did occur. Witness as to events or truth of contents of documents and the actual documents must be presented. A complaint by a person aged 40 or older demonstrating that he/ she was replaced by somebody younger than aged 40 is insufficient. He/ she must show that the younger person has less competence and experience than him/her to handle the tasks of the position as delineated in the office job description. Because it may be possible that the younger person is more knowledgeable, competent and experienced for the job, in such a case there is no discrimination. As in the case of Cerutti v BASF Corp., where the court ruled that there was no discrimination in the case filed by 10 workers laid off due to the restructuring of the corporation because the "employees (retained, though some of younger age) had the skills needed for future performance given the restructuring." Texas has its own Child Labor Law patterned after the Federal Law but some provisions were added or clarified to the needs of the State of Texas. The purpose of the Texas Child Labor Law is to ensure that a child is not employed in an occupation or manner that is detrimental to the child's safety, health, or well-being. Children aged 14 and above are allowed to work except for some tasks that the law either totally prohibits the child to do, or may be allowed at certain ages. There are also tasks that although are prohibited for a certain age but may still be allowed if the child is an Apprentice or a Student Learner. In such cases there are requisites that must be met in order that the task given to the child may be considered legal: For an Apprentice the child must be employed in a recognized apprenticeable trade; works incidental to training; works intermittently, short, and under close journeyman supervision; and registered or under written agreement about work standards. For a Student Learner the child must be enrolled in an authorized cooperative vocational training program; and employed under a written agreement providing that: (1) work is incidental to training; (2) work is intermittent, short and under close supervision; (3) safety instruction are given by school and employer; and a schedule of organized and progressive work is prepared. Guided by the explanations above and the Texas Child Labor Law, as the New Manager of Minyard's Grocery Store located in Texas I have assessed each child worker and found out that only the 16-year-old operating the cardboard bailer violates the Texas State Law for being a prohibited occupation or hazardous occupation (TWC 817.23, no. 8 and 12. Note that in both cases, if the child is an apprentice or a student-learner he/she is not covered by the prohibition.) The rest of the child workers are alright as long as they follow the restrictions as follows: A 14-year-old bagging groceries every Saturday for four hours is not contrary to Chapter 51 of the Texas State law as long as he/she is not assigned to work between midnight and 5 a.m. A 16-year-old slicing lunch meat at the deli counter

My plan for self fulfillment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My plan for self fulfillment - Assignment Example I consider this my ideal self, for this is what I aspire to do or what I think’ I should’ do. Similarly my self-fulfillment would be in succeeding in my said goal. Therefore, it is imperative for me to take appropriate steps in order to achieve my goal which would lead to my ‘Self-fulfillment’ and the achievement of’ Ideal-self’. In order to succeed in my education I must allocate appropriate timings to devote myself for study. It would be possible by realizing that my studies are more important than play or any other indulgences. At the same time I must also realize what my responsibilities at home are. This can be fulfilled by contributing to my household chores equally and enthusiastically and lending hands to parents and family members in daily activities. Thirdly, in order for me to succeed in my professional life, I must be sincere and dedicated in my work and must contribute to the society effectively with my job. Ultimately to balance all of these three aspects of my life I must know how much time and effort to allocate for which role. Therefore, if I succeed in achieving this balance in life, I fulfill the concepts of ‘self-fulfillment’ and

Strategic Management CP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic Management CP - Essay Example ing and implementation of IT in military organizations based on the overall strategic goals has different organizational competencies to those of civilian organizations (Bouwman, 2005). The paper undertakes to demonstrate clearly the difference of planning for and implementation of information technology in civilian and military organizations. Additionally, it performs an evaluation based on the varied overall strategic goals of civilian and military organizations, planning and implementation of information technology. Flattening of information in an organization entails reassigning the authority and functions of one or more middle management layers, either upward or downward. Planning for and implementation of information technology requires the involvement of stakeholders at various management levels. According to Bouwman (2005), flattening an organization improves the flow of information from those who have it to those in the position to act on it. Additionally, reduction of the number of management layers equally increases the accuracy of information by limiting the chances of either deliberate or accidental distortion. However, it should be noted that flattening focuses on the function of middle management that include the aggregation, filtering and transmission of information. It is perhaps with respect to these functions that the advances in information technology suggest flattening as being desirable, given that information technology facilitates this work and may allow for the automation of much of it. In this regard, leadership roles in the planning and implementation of IT in civilian and military organizations are different. In civilian organizations, spans of control run from twenty or thirty to hundreds of subordinates. In these organizations, superiors do not have to control their subordinates in any way since they cannot teaching their subordinates necessary skills (Anderson, Banker, Menon & Romero, 2011). Further, in civilian organizations,

Broadband Access Wired Mediums

Broadband Access Wired Mediums Broadband Access High speed internet access is also called as Broadband. With the help of broadband access we can send large amount data at a same time through a medium. It’s also called as â€Å"Broad Bandwidth† connection. Bandwidth can be defined as the amount of data transmitted or in other word it can be defined as the width of the connection. Bandwidth can be expressed in bits per second that is the amount of bit of data that can flow through a line. But nowadays the bandwidth speed has changed that’s from bps to Kbps to Mbps and now in Gbps. We have two type of medium through which we can get broadband access one is â€Å"Wired Medium† and the other is â€Å"Wireless Medium†. Wired Medium There are many wired mediums through which broadband internet access can be obtained. Few are listed below. Cable. HFC. XDSL. Fiber Optic’s. Power Line Access. Cable Internet It uses the same co-axial cable which is used for viewing Television. In order to provide this Cable internet to the subscriber the cable operator has to upgrade his equipments. The Cable subscriber can obtain this cable internet service by using cable modem and connect this modem to the computer. The cable modem works like Television but its differs in the output, the output in the television is a TV program but in cable internet it’s a web page. The cable has a storage or space, through which the television program can be transmitted and this space is called as the â€Å"Bandwidth†. So this bandwidth will bring webpage and television program to the end user. The cable modem transmits full duplex with great speeds ranging from 10 -20 Mbps (regardless of distance) but degrades when it’s shared by multiple users at the same time. Cable Internet Access is reliable but not secure.By using firewall and proper password protection we can over come the security problem. Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) HFC is an extension of Cable internet.The signals from headend system to the customer pass over a combination of fiber and coaxial cable. Fiber optic cables will connect the head end system to the neighboring node and co-axial cable is used to connect households to this node. Figure 2: Hybri Fiber Coax In HFC the signals will flow in both forward direction (Downstream) that is from head end system to customer via node and reverse direction (Upstream)that is from customer to head end system via node. Since coaxial cable (shared medium) is used for connecting node and customer there will be lot of interference in Upstream and Downstream of signals. To avoid this interference in coaxial cable the frequency is split into two. In HFC the Downstream is allocated with more frequency bandwidth than the Upstream because more video content is sent to the homes, so for this reason â€Å"Non-Symmetrical† process is followed to configure HFC network. By â€Å"Non-Symmetrical we mean path in one direction (Downstream) has more data carrying capacity. Earlier the upstream was used for information like ordering movie, audio etc.. But now extra features like internet and telephone are added to HFC network and hence the upstream is utilized more. xDSL The generic name for DSL technology family is xDSL.DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) uses telephone line to provide high speed internet broad band access the speed of which can be 1.5 Mbps for a typical residential connection or more. The various type of xDSL are shown below: ADSL RADSL SDSL HDSL HDSL2 VDSL ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) This technology uses existing phone connection to provide high speed internet broadband access. The word Asymmetric means the Downstream and upstream speed differs in other words more data is transmitted in Downstream than Upstream, Digital means the data is converted into digital form i.e. 1’s and 0’s and by â€Å"Subscriber Line† it mean simple copper wire is used for this. In the telephone exchange this ADSL can be implemented with special equipments and in the customer side it can be obtained by connecting a the phone connection to ADSL modem and ADSL modem is connected to the computer. One major disadvantage of ADSL is that the speed will get reduced as distance between the ADSL provider and Customer increases. ADSL uses the Frequency Division Multiplexing technique for data transmission. The communication link is divided into three non overlapping frequency band, two-way telephone channel (0 to 4 KHz band-POTS),medium speed Upstream (4KHz to 50 KHz band) and High speed Downstream(50KHz to 1MHz) RADSL (Rate-adaptive Digital Subscriber Line) RADSL differs from ADSL .In RADSL depending upon the length and the quality of the line, the modem can adjust the speed of the connection. SDSL (Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line) In SDSL Upstream and Downstream have the same speed. SDSL can transfer data up to 3Mbps in both directions. The figure below shows the difference between ADSL and SDSL. From the figure it’s clearly seen from ADSL the Sending (Upstream) have small pipeline where as in the SDSL both Upstream and Downstream have same pipeline size Figure 3:SDSL With ADSL webpage access is not an issue. But ADSL faces problem when it needs to download large amount of data. HDSL (High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line) HDSL will provide speed up to 1.5 Mbps in both the directions (Upstream and Downstream) which can be used for businesses that hosts websites. HDSL 2(High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line 2) This advanced version of HDSL this HDSL2 will provide same throughput in single copper wire and provide telephone service. VDSL (Very high bit-rate Digital Line Subscriber) This VDSL is advanced version of DSL technologies which has very high downstream speed (52 Mbps) and upstream (12 Mbps) bandwidth. VDSL architecture is based on two technologies QAM (Quadrature amplitude modulation) or DMT (Discrete multitone modulation) that are not compatible. The most commonly used technologies are DMT. Fiber Optic’s In Fiber Optic’s data is transmitted via optical fibers. Optical fiber is a thin wire made up of pure glass with .These Optical fibers are bundled together to form a Optical cable that transmits data to long distances. The Figure shown below will discuss about the various parts of the Optical Cable.Optical Cable has three parts namely the Core, the Cladding and the Coating. Core: The inner most layer of the Optical Cable made up of glass. In this layer the data is transmitted in the form of light. Cladding: This layer is above the inner core. This layer is also made up of glass. The main use of this layer is to reflect light back into the core. Coating: This is outermost layer of the cable. The main use of this layer is to protect the cable from damage. This optical fiber cable is covered with an outer jacket. The are two types of Optical fiber, Single mode and Multimode. The Single mode uses laser beam to transmit data, the inner core of which is small in diameter and hence has less to nil modal dispersion. On the contrary, the Multimode has a larger diameter, uses LED and suffers from modal dispersion. Broadband over Lines (BPL) This technology provides high speed broadband internet access to homes via electrical outlets. By combining the concepts of modem, radio and wireless networking ,the BPL developers developed a way to send data via power lines to homes at speed of 3Mbps. The BPL developers by adjusting the Power Lines with the help of special equipments can send data on it. The BPL developers could partner with power companies and Internet service providers to bring broadband to everyone with access to electricity. There are two types of BPL services, In-house BPL that is used to network inside buildings and Access BPL that provides Broadband internet via power lines Figure 5: Broadband Over Line Silicon Chipset in modem helps in getting the data from an electrical outlet and uses modulation technique and adaptive algorithm to handle noise in the power lines. From the figure above we can see that the modem looks like a common adapter which c an be plugged into electrical socket, and an Ethernet wire from the modem will connect to the computer. Wireless Medium (Micro Wave) Satellite This technology uses satellites and satellite dish to provide high speed broadband internet connection and uses microwaves to transmit data signals. With the help of this technology we can link two or more base stations on earth. The signals from the base station are passed to the satellite on one frequency and the satellite will regenerate the signal or increase the signal strength with the help of repeater and will send it to the destination base station. There two type of satellite used for this purpose, geostationary satellite and low altitude satellite. Geostationary satellite remain at the same spot above the earth (36000 Km) .Because of the huge distance between the base station and the satellite, it will induce a propagation delay and its used mainly in telephone service . Low altitude satellites revolve around the earth and provide continuous coverage for all the area. There are two types of satellite broadband access, two way satellite internet services and one way satellite internet services. In two way the data can be transmitted in both the direction and in order to do this the satellite dish must be large. In one-way its can only receive data not send data. There are two types of satellite system asynchronous satellite system and synchronous satellite system.In asyn the upstream and downstream speed will be different where as in synch the speed in both the direction will be same. Major advantage of this technology is that it can provide high speed broadband internet access to the place where wired medium is not possible. The speed of download is 600k and upload is 128K. Major disadvantage is the price and reliability of the service ( it may get affected due to bad weather). Wireless Medium (Radio Wave) Fixed Wireless This technology uses Radio waves to provide high speed broadband internet access. There are two types, point-to-point fixed wireless and point-to-multipoint fixed wireless. In Point-to-Point signal is transferred from one antenna to other antenna(indoor or outdoor) which is on ground station .The main disadvantage in Point-to-Point is line of sight .Signal cannot reach the destination antenna if its not in the line of sight of the first antenna. In Point-To-Multipoint the only difference is that the signals via radio waves can be transmitted to many receivers rather than one dedicated receiver. It has the same drawback line of sight. Wi-Fi Here it uses radio waves to send and transmit data. To implement this we need a wireless adapter card and a wireless router. The digital information (web page request) from the computer is converted to radio wave with the help of wireless adapter. These radio waves are captured by wireless router which in turn will convert the radio signals back to digital signal and send the information to net via Ethernet cable. The response (webpage) will reach the wireless router which converts them into radio waves which is in turn converted into digital signal by wireless adapter. WiMax The main disadvantage of wireless broad band is that it is very expensive and cant be widespread. Wi-Fi works only in Hotspots. To over come these difficulties WiMax technology is introduced which is like a cell phone with broadband access. It basically has 2 parts WiMax Tower and WiMax Receiver. Wifi max tower work the same way as the cellular tower and has a very large coverage area. The wimax tower is connected to internet always or it can be connected to other wimax tower using line of sight microwave link .WiMax receiver is like a wireless adapter used in Wi-fi technology Wimax provides two type of wireless service. â€Å"Non Line of Sight† service in which the computer uses an antenna to connect it to the tower. â€Å"The line of sight in† which the antenna is fixed in a roof top and pointed directly to the wimax tower.

Alcohol Use during Pregnancy Linked to Hyperactivity in Children

Most women understand that drinking alcohol during pregnancy can cause physical and mental birth defects. Multiple studies indicate women who drink three or more glasses of alcohol at any one occasion in early pregnancy increase the child’s risk of developing alcohol disorders by 21 years of age (JAMA and Archives Journal, 2006; British Medical Journal, 2005) and is also linked to higher incidents of hyperactivity I children (British Medical Journal, 2005).Conversely, the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) reveals that â€Å"data on the relationship between FAS and hyperactivity are inconsistent† (Jacobson & Jacobson, 2003).Studies conducted by the NIAAA, indicate hyperactivity of clinic–referred patients â€Å"may have been caused by social and environmental factors, such as co–occurring attachment disorders, anxiety, and post–traumatic stress disorder† (2003, Hyperactivity and Attention, para 3).Fetal Alcohol Syndrom e (FAS) was first identified in 1973 has reached new levels in terms of research and relevance to other birth defects (Locke-Wellman et al, 2000), including the hypothesis that â€Å"alcohol consumption in doses not generally associated with alcohol problems can produce a variety of neurocognitive deficits in the absence of effects on growth and morphology† and â€Å"appear to have a continuum of neurobehavioral morphological and developmental effects† (e.g. hyperactivity), (Locke-Wellman et al.,2000,p. 661).Understanding HyperactivityThe National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) defines hyperactivity –as applies to this report- as Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is a neurobehavioral disorder affecting 3-5 percent of all American children (Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder Association, 2007). ADHD interferes with an individual’s ability to focus (stay on a task) and to exercise age-appropriate inhibition (cognitive alone or both cognitive and behavioral) (NINDS, 2007).Warning signs include what may appear as ignoring verbal instructions, lack of organization (personal and school work), fidgetiness, excessive talking, inability to finish chores and homework, and problems paying attention to and responding to details (NINDS, 2007;Attention Deficit Disorder Association, n.d.). While hyperactivity at any level is most common in the younger years up to the early teens, there are many whose condition continued into the adult years (Ibid).Research Supports Alcohol’s Link to HyperactivityMore than 20 years ago, studies first revealed alcohol use during pregnancy as a valid link to hyperactivity. In effect, children who were administered the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children (KSADS) who showed signs of hyperactivity were born to mothers who admit to drinking during pregnancy (Coles et al., 1997; Chambers et al., 1985).In 1989, Archer et al. i ndicated a need to study specific factors (e.g. dietary sensitivities and fetal alcohol damage) that may be important for subgroups of hyperactive children. However, the authors add that this findings are â€Å"unlikely to account for the syndrome as a whole† (Archer et al.,1989, p. 18).When covering substance use and abuse, Archer et al. (1986, 1989) reported on an earlier study by Weiss et al (1979), explaining that follow-up findings on substance use and abuse (both alcohol and other compounds) have not been consistent, of which Jacobson’s theory (2003) supports citing that potential reasons for these inconsistencies includes differences in geographic study locations, the birth years of subjects, attrition rates, data collection procedures, definitions of use and abuse, and varying degrees of co-morbidity (e.g., ADHD symptoms and conduct problems) across studies (Archer et al, 1986, 1989).Conduct problems in the early adolescence of hyperactive children have been co nsistent in most studies, of which Weiss et al (1979) reported that â€Å"at [the] follow-up mean age 13 years, 25 percent of formerly hyperactive subjects showed a history of antisocial behavior, 16 percent were referred to juvenile court, and 3 percent (2 of 64 subjects) were placed in a reform school†¦teachers reported that hyperactives exhibited more conduct problems than controls† (p. 1350).Ackerman et al (1986) acknowledges the findings of Weiss et al. (1979) citing that when comparing hyperactive, hypoactive, and normoactive learning-disabled boys and controls in a 4-year follow-up (mean age 14 years) the results indicated a three to sixteen fold increase in comparatively serious behavioral problems (e.g. breaking and entering, aggressive acts in school, and serious incorrigibility) in the hyperactive group (Ackerman et al., 1986; Weiss et al, 1986).However, all studies reveal that the outcome in late adolescence and young adulthood is less clear.

Research proposal on motivation Essay

Human Resource Management (HRM) includes the process of managing employees at work to achieve organizational goals and objectives. These goals are achieved by strategic operations with the use of cultural, structural and personal techniques (Schuler and Jackson, 2007). With the change in environment and introduction of globalization, it has become important for the organizations to enhance employees’ productivity at work place. So, it will help to boost employees as well as organizational growth. Research Question In relation to this research, following will be the research question: â€Å"How HRM is influencing employees to enhance productivity at work and in what ways?† Research Objective In relation to this case, following are the objective of this research: To see the relationship between HRM and employees productivity. To explore different elements of HRM responsible to enhance employees’ productivity. To evaluate the way of influence people for more productivity at work place. To identify the role of HRM in the growth of employees as well as organization. Literature Review According to Birdi, Wall and Wood (2008) HRM is a practice that enhances employees’ knowledge, skill, attitude and behavior. This enhancement helps to increase company performance. There are many ways for that such as motivate or train employees to work harder and more flexibly, encouraging the use of initiative, reducing the cost of supervision and other direct costs. As well as providing the opportunity for individuals to develop and use new knowledge and skill at work (Birdi, Wall and Wood, 2008). So, the human resource management plays a major part to increase productivity of organization. On other hand Dysvik and Kuvaas (2008) argued about influencing employees about productivity. They said training and motivation cannot influence every employee in similar way. If employees can perceive that they are not being provided with sufficient training opportunities. It might develop higher turnover intentions (Dysvik and Kuvaas, 2008). So, from this statement it is found that perception of developmental HR practices and turnover intentions are negatively related to each other. Justification Employees are regarded to be the most valuable assets of a company. So, it is important for the organizations to have effective human resource management to enhance productivity of employees as well of the organization. Research Methodology Secondary source of data collection will be used to gather information regarding the research. Review of different literatures, books, articles, web sources will be used as secondary source of data collection (Goddard & Melville 2004). Potential Difficulty Every research has some potential difficulties that affect the creditability of the research. The potential difficulty regarding this research is the time constraints and accessibility of the information sources. Action Plan Action plan determines the activities to be taken for the accomplishment of research. Following action plan would be there with time schedule for this research: References Birdi, K., Wall, T.D. and Wood, S.J. (2008) The impact of human resource and operational management practices on company productivity: A longitudinal study. Personnel Psychology, 61, p.467-501. Dysvik, A. and Kuvaas, B. (2008) The relationship between perceived training opportunities, work motivation and employee outcomes. International Journal of Training and Development, 12 (3), p.138-157. Goddard, W. & Melville, S. (2004) Research Methodology: An Introduction. South Africa: Juta and Company Ltd. Schuler, R.S. and Jackson, S.E. (2007) Strategic human resource management 2nd ed. Singapore: Wiley-Blackwell.

The Lottery Reaction Paper Essay Example

The Lottery Reaction Paper Essay Example The Lottery Reaction Paper Paper The Lottery Reaction Paper Paper Though, as I read the story, there were clues like black box and everyone is worried ND they did not want to start it. But, I only realized it after reading the story. Right after I finished reading the story, I wonder why they Invented such a horrible tradition. Why do they have to punish their neighbors by throwing stone on her without a valid reason? Then, I came to think that maybe, its a way to eliminate a useless villager. But I think that tradition Isnt the right way to do that. I also wonder why is It that they are not feeling guilty after throwing stones to one of their townsfolk. The only answer that I can think is because its not their choice to punish Mrs.. Hutchinson, it was chosen randomly. But still, the belief that if you will be punished randomly without a cause isnt a good tradition. So thats why some villages abandoned the lottery tradition. It Is really unfair to Mrs.. Hutchinson. She said that It was unfair. But, if she is not the one drew the paper with black spot; she wouldnt say that it was unfair, so the only thing that unfair is the lottery. Yet, If that Is their tradition, I am respecting It, Just Like the traditions of the Aztec in South America. They sacrificed lives to their God for a good fortune to their validation. So as I look to the other side of the story, I think their doing it to sacrifice a life for the benefit of the village. But still, I disagree with the tradition. Why would you kill someone that you knew your whole life? Why would you kill a friend? They could have sacrificed an animal like a cow or something else. I feel sorry for Mrs.. Hutchinson being the one who was chosen to be stoned to death. If I am one of the village people there, I already left the village and went to another place where the lottery tradition was already abandoned. I dont want to be stoned to death especially by my love ones. But still, if I were Mrs.. Hutchinson, I would try to attack or run to escape the unfairness of the tradition. But still no one opposes the principle, I dont know why. I also wonder what if little Dave was the one who picked the paper with black spot? Are they going to stone him to death? How horrible. For my opinion, they should stop ten titration Decease In ten TLS place, It Is a Dad thing Tort ten CNN someone. Learn to Kill I felt like a major part of Jacksons message is to demonstrate how powerful the raciest of a community can determine the course of a human life. Jackson uses the shocking elements of her story to warn her readers that if they follow social practices blindly and neglect to question its principle, they sway the course of life. For me, the lesson that I got from the story is that not all the traditions are good or not beneficiary. But, because its their belief, we should respect it. They should be the one to realize that this kind of tradition should be abandoned. We should not follow all the social practices and we should have the confidence to oppose it if we find it wrong or unfair,

French Rev Essay

French Rev Essay French Rev Essay The French Revolution did fulfill the ideas of the Enlightenment. The French Revolution idea was brought over across the Atlantic Ocean from the Americas. The French abetted the colonies on their revolution against Britain and France got the same idea to split with its king. It all started when the king locked the 3rd estate out of the court meeting and so they later met in a tennis court and started the writing of the Constitution. They wrote down what they understood should be for everyone. Many disagreed and so began the French Revolution. The French Revolutions initial goal was to overthrow the monarchical system and the belief of absolutism in France. Although it didn't go as intended, although it still was able to convey equality and the idea of the Enlightenment such has separation of powers, religious toleration and natural rights into actuality among the people. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen is an example of this Enlightenment idea happening. It talks about how men and citizens are assured religious freedom, freedom of speech and press and inalienable rights. â€Å"Men are born and remain free and equal in rights†¦ The purpose of all political associations is the preservation of the natural†¦ rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression.† – Articles 1 and 2, Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. This is an example of a John Locke’s idea of natural law and equality under the law, that everyone is born with and it is something that can’t be taken away. Allowed all men to be appointed into public office that should be based on talent and that no group should be except from taxation. This document was a huge step into creating the Constitution. This brought all three estates into one group, the people of France. This is like the Bill of R ights in the U.S that was used to display equality though out the United States. It is the foundation of what the Constitution is based on. This document however didn't talk about the role of women or slavery; it did talk about the citizens implying to those other who weren't men and this was a huge step into finally enlightening France and breaking away from monarchy and its evil tormentor. The Constitution also played a vast part into bringing the Enlightenment ideas into France. Many people that influenced some articles of this document were Montesquieu, Locke, Voltaire and Rousseau. The French Constitution talks about the guaranteed rights and equality of everyone. It also talks about what can and can’t be done. â€Å"That all taxes shall be assessed equally upon all citizens†¦ the legislative power may not make any laws which infringe upon†¦ the Constitution.† – The French Constitution of 1791. The Constitution of the United States is still in place today and it is what we Americans are proud of and what we respect something that gave us our independence. This French Constitution is what helps get their independence from the king and the other estates. It brought the idea

Take Our Responsibility in Groups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Take Our Responsibility in Groups - Essay Example In most cases, when people are in a group they think and do things differently than as they would when they are alone. For instance, in cases where there is a dangerous incidence, it can be observed that most people particularly women will respond by running away in order to seek help. In so doing this, they might be at a risk of landing in problems but at the end they could be safe. However, if people are in a group and such a dangerous incident happens, it can be noted that most of them will respond by holding back. In the essay, Carol Tavris noted that such response is not because â€Å"people are lazy, cowardly or have 50 other personality deficiencies; it has more to do with the nature of groups than the nature of individuals.† In relation to this, there are several examples given in the essay to illustrate and justify such a response and show what people did in reality. In one experiment, the experiment settings was set in such a way that students sat in a room, either alone or in groups. They were then exposed to an emergence incidence that included a smoke. Later, the student’s response was monitored. In this case, it was observed that Students, who were alone responded first by hesitating for a minute, then later got up, and checked where the smoke was coming from. Afterwards, they responded by reporting the incidence/emergency to the authority. On the other hand, the students who were sitting in groups never made any move. They were seen to sit for about six minutes in the smoke until the level where they could barely see properly. They responded by rubbing their eyes as well as coughing. Basing on this given example in the essay, it can be noted that when people are in a group and an emergence happens or a dangerous incident which is risky to their lives. They will respond by taking no action at that point in time. This could be because they might assume that nothing should be done since the situation has

How i plan to study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How i plan to study - Essay Example [Author not known1, 2005].The first step of my study plan is to diligently attend all the lectures pertaining to my subject and try to seek clarification in case of any doubts regarding the topic discussed . The next step is to identify the important points . I will capture the main ideas in the form of notes. [Landsberger, 2005]. I will utilize mind-mapping technique because it is an effective tool of taking notes. It is a technique of taking notes through key words and images. This method helps in quick jotting down of relevant information and is an effective method to remember and review the contents of the lectures. In mind mapping technique, the sentences and paragraphs will be represented in the form of key words and images. Circle the most important word represented by symbol or phrase. Write the related topic outside the circle close to each other. Gradually, the map expands in the direction the topic navigates. This helps the topic in being more specific or detailed. [Landsberger, 2005] Thirdly, I will link and cross-reference key words and images utilized in the mind maps. [Author not known2, 2005]. This will help me to relate to the key notes, phrases, questions and images mentioned in the notes. Fourthly, I will memorize the contents learnt in the classroo

Journal #8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Journal #8 - Essay Example According to Apex website, Mills Branch Wind is expected to occupy approximately 5000 acres of local open farming land in Eastern Kent and is capable of generating up to 100 MW of homegrown energy, with a potential of powering approximately 30,000 homes every year. The expected number of turbines is 25-30, with approximately  ¼ to  ½ mile spacing on active farmland. Demand for new infrastructure will be limited due to the existing highways and high-voltage power cables. The project intends to cause very limited disruption to farmers hence an opportunity for them to continue with their farming activities. Mills Branch Wind would constitute an important investment in the rural economy by providing revenues to farmers, schools and the government. During construction, 70-100 full time jobs are expected to emerge and 6-8 permanent opportunities at each local facility of operation and maintenance. Kent County is favorable for this project after examination of several potential sites due to: existence of high- voltage cables, affirmed wind resource, adequate commercial farmland for expansion, an existing highway network and location far from sensitive environmental and military areas. Landowners and farmers hosting the wind turbines would benefit adequately from payment of annual lease for a projected period of 25 years, injecting revenues amounting to millions of dollars into the local economy of Kent County. The construction of Mills Branch Wind is in its early stages as extensive studies, community input, permits, engineering and other activities must be finished first. Therefore, Apex is working closely with The Local Government of Kent County and the public to get the project on track. Mills Branch Wind project is not without challenges. The project is facing a lot of opposition from both economic and political environments. The major players in opposition are Eastern Shore Land Conservancy and Keep Kent

Is the Ecological Crisis the Human Rights Concern of the Century Essay Example for Free

Is the Ecological Crisis the Human Rights Concern of the Century Essay The ecological crisis has now become an important topic throughout the years. Even so, toward the end of the last century, the issues of such crises became a focal talking point of governments, international organisations and scholars. This most likely is, as Leigh (2005) discusses, an increasing acceptance that such ecological disasters affecting mankind has been one of â€Å"the most critical turning points† that the world has ever encountered. Such crises are experienced when our environment is modified in ways which undermine our continued existence. As the environment and its ecosystems are in a constant state of being damaged, its quality is vastly ruined and this has major effects on the lives that are dependent on it. Magdoff and Foster (2011) suggest that for the ecological crisis to be understood, it must be looked at in the sense of the boundaries of the planet. They go on to indicate that ultimately the Earth has several thresholds which it must remain in in order to preserve the gentle conditions that the Earth has experienced in the past century. These thresholds include loss of biodiversity, climate change, a depleting ozone layer, world-wide freshwater and chemical pollution. Unfortunately, the planet has already passed two of these, including loss of biodiversity and climate change due to our damaging activities that cause environmental disparities. Until recently, the ecological crisis and its subsequent effects have been discussed mainly in the scientific disciplines as merely an environmental issue. It has also been made into an economic concern. However, it is now more than ever in the 21st century being debated and referred to as a subject for human rights. This essay seeks to examine the issue of the impact of the ecological crisis, its human rights implications, and how it has come to be considered the human rights concern of the century. The Ecological Crisis The end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st has seen a remarkable increase in the number of environmental catastrophes that the Earth has experienced. These disasters have not been just limited to one eographic region but they have affected nearly every single part of the planet. Some have included climate change, which in turn has been affected by the greenhouse effect and gases ; the advent of peak oil; loss of biodiversity and therefore diminished quantities and quality of food supplies; plus deforestation, chemical pollution and oil spills. These in turn have had a knock-on effect on the way of living for man and caused such issues as rising sea levels, floods, reduced food resources, droughts, and polluted air and water supply. As mentioned, the Earth’s threshold for climate change and biodiversity loss has been passed and this has already been causing irreparable harm to the planet’s ecosystems and the environment. It is still possible, however, to stop such effects from permanent harm to the environment, which is why the ecological crisis has become such an important matter for discussion today. Climate Change â€Å"Of all the environmental issues that have emerged in the past decades, global climate change has been the most serious and most difficult to manage† (Dessler and Parson, 2006). Like with the above quote, it is thought by many scientists and scholars that climate change is and will be the biggest threat to the environment mainly because of its potential to bring about such brutal destruction. Oxfam International (2008) stated that some of the 23 richest countries in the world (comprising Canada, Australia and USA) where just fourteen percent of the entire world population inhabits, produced almost sixty percent of the planet’s carbon emissions since the 1800s. The Earth’s climate is changing. In fact, it has always been varying from time to time. However, the degree of change is now the big worry. The Great Warming (2006) defines climate change as an alteration in the â€Å"long-term climate† of a particular area. It is further stated that humans contribute to this climate change by discharging greenhouse gases and sprays up into the atmosphere while also modifying the land we live on. Dessler and Parson (2006) debate the forecasts for climate change in the 21st century are more or less unclear, nonetheless, this uncertainty can work either way in that the climate may increase or decrease. The prospect of such unknowns makes this question a lot graver. Many of the activities that individuals carry out on a daily basis has contributed significantly to the greenhouse effect, the depletion of the ozone layer, and therefore climate change. As The Great Warming (2006) put it, the inhabitants of the Earth are constantly burning fossil fuels for heating of houses, for production of electricity and to run machines and vehicles. All of these activities have been adding to the warming effect on the atmosphere. The UNDP (2007) report on fighting climate change established that since the start of the industrial age, the temperature of the Earth has risen by about 0. 7 degrees Celsius and this increase seems to be speeding up with time. The report went further in determining that if a threshold of 2oC is broken, we hazard the idea of greater irreparable damage to the environment. Magdoff and Foster (2011) quotes the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stating that by the end of the century in 2100, the most probable temperature increase worldwide will be in the 2. to 4. 6oC range. This, we can see, is far higher than the previously mentioned threshold of 2oC, and as the authors mention, is a major cause for concern and panic. Such drastic climate change can ultimately lead to ice caps melting, sea levels rising, droughts, forced migration of peoples, a reduction in food produce, and danger to coastal regions. This can lead to reduced health and welfare of the population while also causing serious issues with atmospheric pollution. Other forms of the Ecological Crisis Climate change has not been the only crisis the environment has faced. There has also been widespread degradation with other human-driven activities. Goodhart (2009) explains that the ecosystem has been affected by severe exhaustion of its resources. This includes deforestation which has led to erosion and land slippage and thus pushed people out of their habitat. Oils spills have been a major source of concern, according to Goodhart, which has threatened the survival of certain oceanic species that are a vital source of food for man. The ecological crisis will affect the entire world population if nothing is done to stop the effects of all these contributory factors. This has led international organisations such as the United Nations (UN) to establish various agencies and protocols that will guide international actors in dealing with the crisis. These include the IPCC, as well as the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. The UN has also held several conferences over the years to tackle the problems including the Earth Summit in Brazil and the United Nations Framework Conference on Climate Change (UNFCCC) . As will be seen in the next section, some of these mechanisms have begun placing more emphasis on and framing the environmental issues as human rights concerns. Relationship between the Ecological Crisis and Human Rights â€Å"As the world marks the 60th anniversary of the UDHR, High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay points out that a wide range of universally recognized rights including food, life, water and adequate housing are under a direct threat as a result of climate change† (OHCHR, 2008a). The destruction of the environment and its consequent effects on humans is leading to grave human rights concerns. In its resolution on climate change, the UN Human Rights Council stated their concern for climate change posing a direct danger to communities in the world, further suggesting that this ecological crisis has consequences for the â€Å"full enjoyment of human rights† (HRC, 2008) . Framing of the issues in human rights terms has been a very useful tool for creating greater awareness of its impacts and ensuring that the subject reaches new actors and activists, ultimately influencing the process for the better. Human rights are now frequently referred to as â€Å"universal and indivisible†. For this reason, Hawkins (2010) suggests that every human being is â€Å"entitled to every basic right by virtue of their humanity†. As climate change is possibly the biggest ecological concern of late, many scholars refer to it the most when focusing on the human rights implications. However, there are still very deep human rights concerns for the other contributors to the crisis. Depledge (2007) mentioned that there are, at present, no organisations such as the UN that blatantly suggests a right to a healthy environment. Nevertheless, he proposes that the human right to health covered under the UDHR directly implies a link to the environment. This is because the way in which the environment is kept can and does affect the security of people. Therefore, we see truth in Commissioner Navi Pillay’s words in mentioning these rights. Hunter (2009,p. 7) also suggests that climate change can have an impact on the right to self-determination. One example of the effect of the crisis on this right is that of the Inuit people of Alaska who in 2005 submitted a petition to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights suggesting that their â€Å"way of life† was being hindered by climate change which in turn influences their continued existence and culture. Climate change, if continued on its current path will increasingly raise the Earth’s temperature. This will further affect the water sources, our food, and cause major disease outbreaks. These activities are bound to result in significant human rights violations under the various charters and treaties. Firstly, the right to health will see a drastic rise of malnutrition in children. There will also be a threat of major increases in droughts and flooding around the world (Oxfam, 2008). Another right that needs to be preserved during this process is the all-important right to life and security. Article 3 of the UDHR asks for the â€Å"right to life, liberty and security of person†. These rights are in serious danger of being breached from the issues of the ecological crisis. Goodhart (2009) maintains that the depletion of environmental resources like clean water and oil has â€Å"been a cause of violent conflict in several areas around the world† and this is of extreme distress because of the occurrence of, say, peak oil. Climate change can greatly affect the security of people around the world. As a result of the rising sea levels, the increased temperature and therefore the damage to land, inhabitants of the Earth will experience more flooding, droughts and fires, heat waves and higher occurrence of storms. All of these can ultimately lead to death and an increase in numbers. Another important right affected by this crisis has been the right to food as stipulated in Article 11(1) of the ICESCR . Current trends are not a good sign for people’s right to food under this treaty. Oxfam (2008) suggests that any further warming of the planet is bound to expose fifty million more people to hunger by the year 2020. Within another 30 years in 2050, that number could vastly increase to 132 million. These are extremely high numbers that would be detrimental to the survival of many regions and populations. The Oxfam report cites the case of Africa, where land for cultivation is being reduced by climate change causing the season for growing crop to decrease thereby producing less crop for food. The International Council on Human Rights Policy (ICHRP) categorically mentions that climate change creates violations of human rights due to the constant harm that we are inflicting on the environment (ICHRP, 2008). The most serious effects of the ecological crisis will usually and unfortunately be experienced by the people whose rights and protections are currently not being respected and so occurrences like climate change, tar sands, and pollution will have a greater impact on the more disregarded populations. This includes the poor and usually indigenous peoples around the world. As Havermann (2009) put it, the indigenous peoples around the world are some of those that are most susceptible to these crises while being the ones who have the smallest responsibility for them. For example, the oil and gas expansion by multinational corporations around the world is having severe effects on climate change and the environment, leading on to issues for human rights particularly with indigenous peoples. As Karliner (1991) noted, oil and its excavation has an overwhelmingly negative effect on the economic stability of these groups. Also a huge concern, as a result, is their health which tends to suffer from these activities. The problems faced by many countries with deforestation have also been exacerbating the situation for the realisation of human rights around the world. Many of the forests are disappearing at an alarming rate. The boomerang effect is thus a reduction in the all-important biodiversity that the forests contain and that is necessary for the continued livelihood and survival of those dependent on it. This includes, according to ICHRP (2008), the over fifty million tribal inhabitants of forests around the globe who are constantly affected with their food safety harshly curtailed. If the present rates at which such deforestation and the previously mentioned rises of climate change, oil spills and pollution continue, it is thought that a majority of the rainforests on the Earth will have vanished even before the 21st century has ended. Concern of the Century? Many environmentalists and human rights defenders have framed the ecological crisis as one with a human rights dimension. This is because most see it now as a serious inhibitor to development, to the daily living of man and to fulfilling the rights that have been laid out in the various international instruments. The ecological crisis has seen a large number of environmental problems over the years and its effects are now being debated fiercely on the world stage. Some world leaders, scientists and the general population are all trying to engage in finding solutions to the problem while others still question and underestimate the gravity of the phenomenon. The issue has become a major concern, not just for the planet physically, but also in a human rights context because the ecological crisis single-handedly affects a range of different human rights as seen above. In many instances, its effects can breach more rights than some of the other current rights violators. In addition, while most abuses of human rights can generally be halted voluntarily, if these environmental problems are allowed to linger untreated then at some point in time the destruction of the environment would have become irreversible. This in turn would result in more human rights violations. As Hawkins (2010) argues, the resources of the planet are limited and so to continue with the existing trend will place humanity in peril. Also, the atmosphere cannot distinguish between the greenhouse gases that affect climate change by the region it comes from (UNDP, 2007). Climate change, for example, is non-discriminatory and unlike other rights violations being perpetrated around the world, it can affect just about anyone. This is why such a huge international human rights advocacy process has now been implemented. In a statement in 2007, UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon referred to climate change as â€Å"the greatest emerging humanitarian challenge of our time† which is â€Å"menacing the whole human family†. As the UNFCCC acknowledged in the framework, the universal reach of the effects of climate change requires the â€Å"widest possible co-operation from all countries† (UNFCCC, 1992). It is evident that the human rights implications of the ecological crisis is a great concern for many people especially in the recent efforts by NGOs to publicise the matter, while a number of measures have been put in place by international organisations such as the UN to tackle the problems – through summits, conferences and protocols like the Kyoto protocol. In 2008, a resolution was passed by the Organisation of American States (OAS) on human rights and climate change (ICHRP, 2008). The commitments set forth in the 1997 Kyoto protocol are soon to end in 2012. Neglecting to meet these obligations will cause us to reach even closer to further crisis. In December 2011, Canada officially pulled out of its commitments to the protocol (Carrington and Vaughan, 2011). The backlash and criticism from world leaders and actors was astounding and this showed the level that the ecological crisis and its implications for human life have reached in this century. Conclusion Going forward without confronting this global challenge that is the ecological crisis with the seriousness that it deserves will result in countless human rights violations around the globe. The climate change, deforestation, oil spills and rising sea levels will cause a massive increase in the destruction of habitats, reduced water supply, island and coastal regions vanishing, and greater health concerns. These in turn are destabilizing many peoples’ rights to food, health, security, life and livelihood. It is imperative that the principles and norms of human rights are continuously applied to these crises so as to halt the irreparable destruction of the environment and the future of humankind. As noted by the UNDP (2007), the 20th century saw leadership disasters resulting in two world wars in which masses of people suffered. In this the 21st century, the destructive nature of the ecological crisis has become the new and preventable disaster.