In Recent Times, There Have Been Few Ideas Of Such Compelling Force As

In recent times, there have been few ideas of such compelling force as the concept of World Heritage. There are places in nature and culture with a value and importance reaching far across geographical and political boundaries and becoming a heritage of the world in general. This promising idea was taken up by an International Convention of the Unesco in 1972. Today over 100 countries have joined it. This Convention does not only strengthen the idea that all countries should make the defence of a unique, exceptional heritage a common cause, but for the first time it draws up a single List where sites of nature and culture rank side by side. The Great Canyon of the Colorado or the Galapagos Islands form part of the same List together with the Monastery of El Escorial and the Taj Mahal. At the suggestion of the member countries, the Convention is responsible for drawing up this World Heritage List which grows every year as new sites of nature and culture considered exceptional are added. Upon application, it also shares out the technical and financial aid required for the protection of these sites of universal value. Although late in joining -May 4th, 1982- Spain is today one of the countries with the greatest number of sites included in the World Heritage List. By January 1996, 2 natural and 19 cultural sites belonging to different Autonomous Communities had reached the List. In 1984, La Alhambra and El Generalife (later with Albayzin), the Cathedral of Burgos, the Monastery of El Escorial, the mosque of Cordoba (later with other monuments in historic center) as well as the G?ell Park and Palace together with Gaudi's Mila House in Barcelona were included. In 1985, the Altamira Caves, the old city of Avila with its curtain walls, the aqueduct and old city of Segovia, the Pre-Romanesque sites in Asturias as well as Santiago de Compostela also joined the list. In 1986, not only the old city of Toledo was put on it, but also the old part of Caceres, the Mudejar towers in Teruel and the first Spanish nature site on the List, Garajonay National Park on the Canary Island of La Gomera. In 1987, the buil ding complex consisting of the Cathedral, the Alcazar (ie, Moorish fortress) and La Lonja (Auction Hall) of Seville. In 1988, the city of Salamanca. In 1991, Poblet Monastery. In 1993, archaeological ensemble of M?rida, Royal Monastery of Santa Mar?a de Guadalupe and the Route of Santiago de Compostela. Finally, in 1994, Do?ana National Park is put on the List. "La Casa Real Vieja", ie, the Old Royal House, consists of a series of rooms called "Cuartos a Palacio", a peculiar name given to a number of rooms that make up La Alhambra and were built one after another as the need for them arose. There are four main patios or inner courts: the one at the entrance, Machuca, Comares and the one of Los Leones (ie, the Lions). Only the last two have survived intact to our days. Between the Machuca and Comares Patios lies El Mexuar, a large hall of justice, and El Patio del Cuarto Dorado (ie, of the Golden Room). The buildings surrounding each of the patios are accurately and symmetrically distributed, but each complex by itself is organised more freely. The towers of the curtain wall have richly decorated rooms and some of them are small, sumptuous palaces. Outstanding are the Tower of Las Infantas, the Tower of La Cautiva (ie, the Captive One) and the Tower of Las Damas. The decoration of La Alhambra is of great importance. Among the most significant decorative elements are the skirtings of glazed tiles, the walls, friezes and series of arches covered with "atauriques" (ie, plaster or stucco decorative plant motifs characteristic of Caliphal art) and the ceilings decorated with bows, stalactites or "mocarae" (ie, designs of several prisms on a concave base) which in combination give the halls of these palaces an appearance of dazzling sumptuousness. El Generalife, the summer palace of the Nasrid kings of Granada, stands on top of the hill of El Sol (ie, the Sun), which is twin to the one of La Alhambra and also towers over

Paradise Lost †Satan VS God

Paradise Lost – Satan VS God Free Online Research Papers â€Å"The mind itself can make a heaven out of hell, a hell of heaven† (Milton, line? Vs?) In the poem, â€Å"Paradise Lost† Satan was thrown out of heaven for rebelling against God and all that is good. He was the archangel and is the most beautiful and perfect angel, but he was not so perfect because he had flaws. Some of the flaws he had were pride that led to ambition and jealousy that led deception. The flaw that led him to destruction was pride, because since he was the most beautiful angel, he believed he was the greatest in heaven. He questioned why should he serve God, and evidently led a rebellion against God in a chance to overthrow Him. This was a very pathetic thing to do, because God created him and gave him all his beauty. Lucifer fought God in a holy war, lost, and was cast out of heaven and into hell. Since then Lucifer has sworn to do the opposite of God. â€Å"And out of good still to find means of evil† (line 165) this sentence shows how much hatred Lucifer had, towards God after being thrown out of heaven. His first offense towards God wa s to overthrow Him. Since that plan failed, his next plan is to disrupt whatever good God does. This is Satan’s plan opposed to God’s plan to turn everything that Satan does badly into good. Pride is the sin, which drove Satan’s adrenaline. It was his energy drink, and it drove him to Hell; and even while in Hell it took him as far as to accept Hell as his domain, all because he was too proud to say that he was in a bad situation. Satan’s pride was leading him to his destruction, the key letter in pride is I and that is what he was thinking about the whole time. Pride led to Satan’s very poor choices. Satan was just thinking about â€Å"how could I become in charge. How can I overthrow God and rule everything? God does not want to force us to serve him and to love him. He created us and gave us life but left the decision to love and follow Him ultimately up to us. The human flaw as to every creation of God is freedom of will. Since we have free will, we make stupid mistakes in life and because of free will many things are bad in life. God is giving us a choice; it is up to use to make that choice, whether you decide to serve him or not is up each person. When you serve the Lord, you know that you will always be safe. It does not mean that nothing bad will ever happen to you, but you would know that you are safe from going to hell. Life is always full of surprises, and no one can know what is going to happen. One’s mind is the most important part of one’s body. The mind is what makes decisions and choices. In the poem, Satan says, â€Å"the mind is its own place, and in itself can make a Heaven of Hell, a Hell of Heaven.† This states that Satan is so determined to go ag ainst God that he would train his mind and thoughts to think a particular way and see the Hell as a beautiful place. â€Å"Better to rein in Hell than to serve in Heaven† (line 263) this sentence gives us insight on how Satan’s mind is thinking. He is not willing to bow his head to anyone over him. He thinks he knows more than God, and he will not give in, no matter how dire the circumstances. In his mind, he believes that he will be the ruler of hell when in fact he will be suffering just like the other souls there. There will be no ruler and everyone will suffer for eternity. As Satan was in hell, he looks and sees that God was occupied with his latest creation, man. He saw that God had forgotten about him and that he had moved on. He then got the idea that he would infect what God loved most. He came into the Garden of Eden and tempted Eve to sin â€Å"And the serpent said unto the woman, ye shall not surely die: For God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil.† (Genesis 3:4-3:5) By doing so, Eve was going against God; as she did, she brought Adam into sin as well. If God wanted his creation, Satan would give it to him, but in a less than perfect state, and not by lying-just twisting the truth, or â€Å"putting a spin on it† in today’s vernacular. Because Satan tempted Eve to sin, humans must suffer for those sins and only through In the deception of Eve and ultimately the human race, only a perfect sacrifice would make up for man’s flaw, that of Jesus Christ, a perfect human sacrifice, who can free man from his sin God’s creations have freedom of will. We cannot blame others for our mistakes and must take responsibility for our actions. Adam and Eve had the free will not to eat the forbidden fruit and not to listen to Satan, but they let their curiosity get the best of them and committed the sin. Do I have the sin of pride in my own life-sure? Is pride bad? Not in itself. It’s what is done with pride. If it destroys another human being, then I have allowed Satan a foothold into my heart. If that pride leads to ambition which leads to deception, then I have allowed Satan a foothold. According to Milton and the Bible, Satan is the father of all lies which begins with his pride and ambition. If I analyze decisions when I go wrong, usually I don’t want to admit my flaw (pride), or I want to get to the top the easy way even at someone else’s expense (ambition), and I might tell a half truth to get me to that point (deception). Sometimes bad things just happen to good people through poor choices; according to Milton, Satan is at the heart of man’s fall, all of us, and seeing it depicted through the blind poet’s eyes, has opened my own to myself. The way I see things, when something bad happens to me, I think about the situation and try an d see where I did wrong, because if something happens to me, right away I assume that I did something wrong and am paying for that wrong doing. Sometimes it is not that, sometimes bad things just happen because someone else’s sins intervene with your life and mess up your life at the same time fixing theirs. Thus, or so, Satan’s pride was his main character flaw. Pride as an angel thinking he could overthrow God; and pride in himself causing ambition that he could actually take on God and win in this battle for God’s creation. Proverbs 16:18-16:19 â€Å"Pride [goeth] before destruction and a haughty spirit before a fall. Better [it is to be] of an humble spirit with the lowly, than to divide the spoil with the proud.† Satan should have heeded this warning. Resources: genesis.net.au/~bible/kjv/genesis/ divineplan.org/htdbv5/htdb0020.htm Research Papers on Paradise Lost - â€Å"Satan VS God†Mind TravelAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionQuebec and CanadaThe Hockey GameWhere Wild and West MeetPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Hip-Hop is Art

Employment Law Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Employment Law - Article Example They are the only ones who can file a complaint under this law. But, they are required to show proof of the alleged discrimination because in all cases coming under the jurisdiction of judicial or agencies exercising quasi-judicial functions it is necessary that there is proof to support any claim. Opinions or belief of discrimination are not accepted. There must be proof to show that discrimination did occur. Witness as to events or truth of contents of documents and the actual documents must be presented. A complaint by a person aged 40 or older demonstrating that he/ she was replaced by somebody younger than aged 40 is insufficient. He/ she must show that the younger person has less competence and experience than him/her to handle the tasks of the position as delineated in the office job description. Because it may be possible that the younger person is more knowledgeable, competent and experienced for the job, in such a case there is no discrimination. As in the case of Cerutti v BASF Corp., where the court ruled that there was no discrimination in the case filed by 10 workers laid off due to the restructuring of the corporation because the "employees (retained, though some of younger age) had the skills needed for future performance given the restructuring." Texas has its own Child Labor Law patterned after the Federal Law but some provisions were added or clarified to the needs of the State of Texas. The purpose of the Texas Child Labor Law is to ensure that a child is not employed in an occupation or manner that is detrimental to the child's safety, health, or well-being. Children aged 14 and above are allowed to work except for some tasks that the law either totally prohibits the child to do, or may be allowed at certain ages. There are also tasks that although are prohibited for a certain age but may still be allowed if the child is an Apprentice or a Student Learner. In such cases there are requisites that must be met in order that the task given to the child may be considered legal: For an Apprentice the child must be employed in a recognized apprenticeable trade; works incidental to training; works intermittently, short, and under close journeyman supervision; and registered or under written agreement about work standards. For a Student Learner the child must be enrolled in an authorized cooperative vocational training program; and employed under a written agreement providing that: (1) work is incidental to training; (2) work is intermittent, short and under close supervision; (3) safety instruction are given by school and employer; and a schedule of organized and progressive work is prepared. Guided by the explanations above and the Texas Child Labor Law, as the New Manager of Minyard's Grocery Store located in Texas I have assessed each child worker and found out that only the 16-year-old operating the cardboard bailer violates the Texas State Law for being a prohibited occupation or hazardous occupation (TWC 817.23, no. 8 and 12. Note that in both cases, if the child is an apprentice or a student-learner he/she is not covered by the prohibition.) The rest of the child workers are alright as long as they follow the restrictions as follows: A 14-year-old bagging groceries every Saturday for four hours is not contrary to Chapter 51 of the Texas State law as long as he/she is not assigned to work between midnight and 5 a.m. A 16-year-old slicing lunch meat at the deli counter

My plan for self fulfillment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My plan for self fulfillment - Assignment Example I consider this my ideal self, for this is what I aspire to do or what I think’ I should’ do. Similarly my self-fulfillment would be in succeeding in my said goal. Therefore, it is imperative for me to take appropriate steps in order to achieve my goal which would lead to my ‘Self-fulfillment’ and the achievement of’ Ideal-self’. In order to succeed in my education I must allocate appropriate timings to devote myself for study. It would be possible by realizing that my studies are more important than play or any other indulgences. At the same time I must also realize what my responsibilities at home are. This can be fulfilled by contributing to my household chores equally and enthusiastically and lending hands to parents and family members in daily activities. Thirdly, in order for me to succeed in my professional life, I must be sincere and dedicated in my work and must contribute to the society effectively with my job. Ultimately to balance all of these three aspects of my life I must know how much time and effort to allocate for which role. Therefore, if I succeed in achieving this balance in life, I fulfill the concepts of ‘self-fulfillment’ and

Strategic Management CP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic Management CP - Essay Example ing and implementation of IT in military organizations based on the overall strategic goals has different organizational competencies to those of civilian organizations (Bouwman, 2005). The paper undertakes to demonstrate clearly the difference of planning for and implementation of information technology in civilian and military organizations. Additionally, it performs an evaluation based on the varied overall strategic goals of civilian and military organizations, planning and implementation of information technology. Flattening of information in an organization entails reassigning the authority and functions of one or more middle management layers, either upward or downward. Planning for and implementation of information technology requires the involvement of stakeholders at various management levels. According to Bouwman (2005), flattening an organization improves the flow of information from those who have it to those in the position to act on it. Additionally, reduction of the number of management layers equally increases the accuracy of information by limiting the chances of either deliberate or accidental distortion. However, it should be noted that flattening focuses on the function of middle management that include the aggregation, filtering and transmission of information. It is perhaps with respect to these functions that the advances in information technology suggest flattening as being desirable, given that information technology facilitates this work and may allow for the automation of much of it. In this regard, leadership roles in the planning and implementation of IT in civilian and military organizations are different. In civilian organizations, spans of control run from twenty or thirty to hundreds of subordinates. In these organizations, superiors do not have to control their subordinates in any way since they cannot teaching their subordinates necessary skills (Anderson, Banker, Menon & Romero, 2011). Further, in civilian organizations,

Broadband Access Wired Mediums

Broadband Access Wired Mediums Broadband Access High speed internet access is also called as Broadband. With the help of broadband access we can send large amount data at a same time through a medium. It’s also called as â€Å"Broad Bandwidth† connection. Bandwidth can be defined as the amount of data transmitted or in other word it can be defined as the width of the connection. Bandwidth can be expressed in bits per second that is the amount of bit of data that can flow through a line. But nowadays the bandwidth speed has changed that’s from bps to Kbps to Mbps and now in Gbps. We have two type of medium through which we can get broadband access one is â€Å"Wired Medium† and the other is â€Å"Wireless Medium†. Wired Medium There are many wired mediums through which broadband internet access can be obtained. Few are listed below. Cable. HFC. XDSL. Fiber Optic’s. Power Line Access. Cable Internet It uses the same co-axial cable which is used for viewing Television. In order to provide this Cable internet to the subscriber the cable operator has to upgrade his equipments. The Cable subscriber can obtain this cable internet service by using cable modem and connect this modem to the computer. The cable modem works like Television but its differs in the output, the output in the television is a TV program but in cable internet it’s a web page. The cable has a storage or space, through which the television program can be transmitted and this space is called as the â€Å"Bandwidth†. So this bandwidth will bring webpage and television program to the end user. The cable modem transmits full duplex with great speeds ranging from 10 -20 Mbps (regardless of distance) but degrades when it’s shared by multiple users at the same time. Cable Internet Access is reliable but not secure.By using firewall and proper password protection we can over come the security problem. Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) HFC is an extension of Cable internet.The signals from headend system to the customer pass over a combination of fiber and coaxial cable. Fiber optic cables will connect the head end system to the neighboring node and co-axial cable is used to connect households to this node. Figure 2: Hybri Fiber Coax In HFC the signals will flow in both forward direction (Downstream) that is from head end system to customer via node and reverse direction (Upstream)that is from customer to head end system via node. Since coaxial cable (shared medium) is used for connecting node and customer there will be lot of interference in Upstream and Downstream of signals. To avoid this interference in coaxial cable the frequency is split into two. In HFC the Downstream is allocated with more frequency bandwidth than the Upstream because more video content is sent to the homes, so for this reason â€Å"Non-Symmetrical† process is followed to configure HFC network. By â€Å"Non-Symmetrical we mean path in one direction (Downstream) has more data carrying capacity. Earlier the upstream was used for information like ordering movie, audio etc.. But now extra features like internet and telephone are added to HFC network and hence the upstream is utilized more. xDSL The generic name for DSL technology family is xDSL.DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) uses telephone line to provide high speed internet broad band access the speed of which can be 1.5 Mbps for a typical residential connection or more. The various type of xDSL are shown below: ADSL RADSL SDSL HDSL HDSL2 VDSL ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) This technology uses existing phone connection to provide high speed internet broadband access. The word Asymmetric means the Downstream and upstream speed differs in other words more data is transmitted in Downstream than Upstream, Digital means the data is converted into digital form i.e. 1’s and 0’s and by â€Å"Subscriber Line† it mean simple copper wire is used for this. In the telephone exchange this ADSL can be implemented with special equipments and in the customer side it can be obtained by connecting a the phone connection to ADSL modem and ADSL modem is connected to the computer. One major disadvantage of ADSL is that the speed will get reduced as distance between the ADSL provider and Customer increases. ADSL uses the Frequency Division Multiplexing technique for data transmission. The communication link is divided into three non overlapping frequency band, two-way telephone channel (0 to 4 KHz band-POTS),medium speed Upstream (4KHz to 50 KHz band) and High speed Downstream(50KHz to 1MHz) RADSL (Rate-adaptive Digital Subscriber Line) RADSL differs from ADSL .In RADSL depending upon the length and the quality of the line, the modem can adjust the speed of the connection. SDSL (Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line) In SDSL Upstream and Downstream have the same speed. SDSL can transfer data up to 3Mbps in both directions. The figure below shows the difference between ADSL and SDSL. From the figure it’s clearly seen from ADSL the Sending (Upstream) have small pipeline where as in the SDSL both Upstream and Downstream have same pipeline size Figure 3:SDSL With ADSL webpage access is not an issue. But ADSL faces problem when it needs to download large amount of data. HDSL (High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line) HDSL will provide speed up to 1.5 Mbps in both the directions (Upstream and Downstream) which can be used for businesses that hosts websites. HDSL 2(High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Line 2) This advanced version of HDSL this HDSL2 will provide same throughput in single copper wire and provide telephone service. VDSL (Very high bit-rate Digital Line Subscriber) This VDSL is advanced version of DSL technologies which has very high downstream speed (52 Mbps) and upstream (12 Mbps) bandwidth. VDSL architecture is based on two technologies QAM (Quadrature amplitude modulation) or DMT (Discrete multitone modulation) that are not compatible. The most commonly used technologies are DMT. Fiber Optic’s In Fiber Optic’s data is transmitted via optical fibers. Optical fiber is a thin wire made up of pure glass with .These Optical fibers are bundled together to form a Optical cable that transmits data to long distances. The Figure shown below will discuss about the various parts of the Optical Cable.Optical Cable has three parts namely the Core, the Cladding and the Coating. Core: The inner most layer of the Optical Cable made up of glass. In this layer the data is transmitted in the form of light. Cladding: This layer is above the inner core. This layer is also made up of glass. The main use of this layer is to reflect light back into the core. Coating: This is outermost layer of the cable. The main use of this layer is to protect the cable from damage. This optical fiber cable is covered with an outer jacket. The are two types of Optical fiber, Single mode and Multimode. The Single mode uses laser beam to transmit data, the inner core of which is small in diameter and hence has less to nil modal dispersion. On the contrary, the Multimode has a larger diameter, uses LED and suffers from modal dispersion. Broadband over Lines (BPL) This technology provides high speed broadband internet access to homes via electrical outlets. By combining the concepts of modem, radio and wireless networking ,the BPL developers developed a way to send data via power lines to homes at speed of 3Mbps. The BPL developers by adjusting the Power Lines with the help of special equipments can send data on it. The BPL developers could partner with power companies and Internet service providers to bring broadband to everyone with access to electricity. There are two types of BPL services, In-house BPL that is used to network inside buildings and Access BPL that provides Broadband internet via power lines Figure 5: Broadband Over Line Silicon Chipset in modem helps in getting the data from an electrical outlet and uses modulation technique and adaptive algorithm to handle noise in the power lines. From the figure above we can see that the modem looks like a common adapter which c an be plugged into electrical socket, and an Ethernet wire from the modem will connect to the computer. Wireless Medium (Micro Wave) Satellite This technology uses satellites and satellite dish to provide high speed broadband internet connection and uses microwaves to transmit data signals. With the help of this technology we can link two or more base stations on earth. The signals from the base station are passed to the satellite on one frequency and the satellite will regenerate the signal or increase the signal strength with the help of repeater and will send it to the destination base station. There two type of satellite used for this purpose, geostationary satellite and low altitude satellite. Geostationary satellite remain at the same spot above the earth (36000 Km) .Because of the huge distance between the base station and the satellite, it will induce a propagation delay and its used mainly in telephone service . Low altitude satellites revolve around the earth and provide continuous coverage for all the area. There are two types of satellite broadband access, two way satellite internet services and one way satellite internet services. In two way the data can be transmitted in both the direction and in order to do this the satellite dish must be large. In one-way its can only receive data not send data. There are two types of satellite system asynchronous satellite system and synchronous satellite system.In asyn the upstream and downstream speed will be different where as in synch the speed in both the direction will be same. Major advantage of this technology is that it can provide high speed broadband internet access to the place where wired medium is not possible. The speed of download is 600k and upload is 128K. Major disadvantage is the price and reliability of the service ( it may get affected due to bad weather). Wireless Medium (Radio Wave) Fixed Wireless This technology uses Radio waves to provide high speed broadband internet access. There are two types, point-to-point fixed wireless and point-to-multipoint fixed wireless. In Point-to-Point signal is transferred from one antenna to other antenna(indoor or outdoor) which is on ground station .The main disadvantage in Point-to-Point is line of sight .Signal cannot reach the destination antenna if its not in the line of sight of the first antenna. In Point-To-Multipoint the only difference is that the signals via radio waves can be transmitted to many receivers rather than one dedicated receiver. It has the same drawback line of sight. Wi-Fi Here it uses radio waves to send and transmit data. To implement this we need a wireless adapter card and a wireless router. The digital information (web page request) from the computer is converted to radio wave with the help of wireless adapter. These radio waves are captured by wireless router which in turn will convert the radio signals back to digital signal and send the information to net via Ethernet cable. The response (webpage) will reach the wireless router which converts them into radio waves which is in turn converted into digital signal by wireless adapter. WiMax The main disadvantage of wireless broad band is that it is very expensive and cant be widespread. Wi-Fi works only in Hotspots. To over come these difficulties WiMax technology is introduced which is like a cell phone with broadband access. It basically has 2 parts WiMax Tower and WiMax Receiver. Wifi max tower work the same way as the cellular tower and has a very large coverage area. The wimax tower is connected to internet always or it can be connected to other wimax tower using line of sight microwave link .WiMax receiver is like a wireless adapter used in Wi-fi technology Wimax provides two type of wireless service. â€Å"Non Line of Sight† service in which the computer uses an antenna to connect it to the tower. â€Å"The line of sight in† which the antenna is fixed in a roof top and pointed directly to the wimax tower.

Alcohol Use during Pregnancy Linked to Hyperactivity in Children

Most women understand that drinking alcohol during pregnancy can cause physical and mental birth defects. Multiple studies indicate women who drink three or more glasses of alcohol at any one occasion in early pregnancy increase the child’s risk of developing alcohol disorders by 21 years of age (JAMA and Archives Journal, 2006; British Medical Journal, 2005) and is also linked to higher incidents of hyperactivity I children (British Medical Journal, 2005).Conversely, the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) reveals that â€Å"data on the relationship between FAS and hyperactivity are inconsistent† (Jacobson & Jacobson, 2003).Studies conducted by the NIAAA, indicate hyperactivity of clinic–referred patients â€Å"may have been caused by social and environmental factors, such as co–occurring attachment disorders, anxiety, and post–traumatic stress disorder† (2003, Hyperactivity and Attention, para 3).Fetal Alcohol Syndrom e (FAS) was first identified in 1973 has reached new levels in terms of research and relevance to other birth defects (Locke-Wellman et al, 2000), including the hypothesis that â€Å"alcohol consumption in doses not generally associated with alcohol problems can produce a variety of neurocognitive deficits in the absence of effects on growth and morphology† and â€Å"appear to have a continuum of neurobehavioral morphological and developmental effects† (e.g. hyperactivity), (Locke-Wellman et al.,2000,p. 661).Understanding HyperactivityThe National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) defines hyperactivity –as applies to this report- as Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is a neurobehavioral disorder affecting 3-5 percent of all American children (Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder Association, 2007). ADHD interferes with an individual’s ability to focus (stay on a task) and to exercise age-appropriate inhibition (cognitive alone or both cognitive and behavioral) (NINDS, 2007).Warning signs include what may appear as ignoring verbal instructions, lack of organization (personal and school work), fidgetiness, excessive talking, inability to finish chores and homework, and problems paying attention to and responding to details (NINDS, 2007;Attention Deficit Disorder Association, n.d.). While hyperactivity at any level is most common in the younger years up to the early teens, there are many whose condition continued into the adult years (Ibid).Research Supports Alcohol’s Link to HyperactivityMore than 20 years ago, studies first revealed alcohol use during pregnancy as a valid link to hyperactivity. In effect, children who were administered the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children (KSADS) who showed signs of hyperactivity were born to mothers who admit to drinking during pregnancy (Coles et al., 1997; Chambers et al., 1985).In 1989, Archer et al. i ndicated a need to study specific factors (e.g. dietary sensitivities and fetal alcohol damage) that may be important for subgroups of hyperactive children. However, the authors add that this findings are â€Å"unlikely to account for the syndrome as a whole† (Archer et al.,1989, p. 18).When covering substance use and abuse, Archer et al. (1986, 1989) reported on an earlier study by Weiss et al (1979), explaining that follow-up findings on substance use and abuse (both alcohol and other compounds) have not been consistent, of which Jacobson’s theory (2003) supports citing that potential reasons for these inconsistencies includes differences in geographic study locations, the birth years of subjects, attrition rates, data collection procedures, definitions of use and abuse, and varying degrees of co-morbidity (e.g., ADHD symptoms and conduct problems) across studies (Archer et al, 1986, 1989).Conduct problems in the early adolescence of hyperactive children have been co nsistent in most studies, of which Weiss et al (1979) reported that â€Å"at [the] follow-up mean age 13 years, 25 percent of formerly hyperactive subjects showed a history of antisocial behavior, 16 percent were referred to juvenile court, and 3 percent (2 of 64 subjects) were placed in a reform school†¦teachers reported that hyperactives exhibited more conduct problems than controls† (p. 1350).Ackerman et al (1986) acknowledges the findings of Weiss et al. (1979) citing that when comparing hyperactive, hypoactive, and normoactive learning-disabled boys and controls in a 4-year follow-up (mean age 14 years) the results indicated a three to sixteen fold increase in comparatively serious behavioral problems (e.g. breaking and entering, aggressive acts in school, and serious incorrigibility) in the hyperactive group (Ackerman et al., 1986; Weiss et al, 1986).However, all studies reveal that the outcome in late adolescence and young adulthood is less clear.

Research proposal on motivation Essay

Human Resource Management (HRM) includes the process of managing employees at work to achieve organizational goals and objectives. These goals are achieved by strategic operations with the use of cultural, structural and personal techniques (Schuler and Jackson, 2007). With the change in environment and introduction of globalization, it has become important for the organizations to enhance employees’ productivity at work place. So, it will help to boost employees as well as organizational growth. Research Question In relation to this research, following will be the research question: â€Å"How HRM is influencing employees to enhance productivity at work and in what ways?† Research Objective In relation to this case, following are the objective of this research: To see the relationship between HRM and employees productivity. To explore different elements of HRM responsible to enhance employees’ productivity. To evaluate the way of influence people for more productivity at work place. To identify the role of HRM in the growth of employees as well as organization. Literature Review According to Birdi, Wall and Wood (2008) HRM is a practice that enhances employees’ knowledge, skill, attitude and behavior. This enhancement helps to increase company performance. There are many ways for that such as motivate or train employees to work harder and more flexibly, encouraging the use of initiative, reducing the cost of supervision and other direct costs. As well as providing the opportunity for individuals to develop and use new knowledge and skill at work (Birdi, Wall and Wood, 2008). So, the human resource management plays a major part to increase productivity of organization. On other hand Dysvik and Kuvaas (2008) argued about influencing employees about productivity. They said training and motivation cannot influence every employee in similar way. If employees can perceive that they are not being provided with sufficient training opportunities. It might develop higher turnover intentions (Dysvik and Kuvaas, 2008). So, from this statement it is found that perception of developmental HR practices and turnover intentions are negatively related to each other. Justification Employees are regarded to be the most valuable assets of a company. So, it is important for the organizations to have effective human resource management to enhance productivity of employees as well of the organization. Research Methodology Secondary source of data collection will be used to gather information regarding the research. Review of different literatures, books, articles, web sources will be used as secondary source of data collection (Goddard & Melville 2004). Potential Difficulty Every research has some potential difficulties that affect the creditability of the research. The potential difficulty regarding this research is the time constraints and accessibility of the information sources. Action Plan Action plan determines the activities to be taken for the accomplishment of research. Following action plan would be there with time schedule for this research: References Birdi, K., Wall, T.D. and Wood, S.J. (2008) The impact of human resource and operational management practices on company productivity: A longitudinal study. Personnel Psychology, 61, p.467-501. Dysvik, A. and Kuvaas, B. (2008) The relationship between perceived training opportunities, work motivation and employee outcomes. International Journal of Training and Development, 12 (3), p.138-157. Goddard, W. & Melville, S. (2004) Research Methodology: An Introduction. South Africa: Juta and Company Ltd. Schuler, R.S. and Jackson, S.E. (2007) Strategic human resource management 2nd ed. Singapore: Wiley-Blackwell.

The Lottery Reaction Paper Essay Example

The Lottery Reaction Paper Essay Example The Lottery Reaction Paper Paper The Lottery Reaction Paper Paper Though, as I read the story, there were clues like black box and everyone is worried ND they did not want to start it. But, I only realized it after reading the story. Right after I finished reading the story, I wonder why they Invented such a horrible tradition. Why do they have to punish their neighbors by throwing stone on her without a valid reason? Then, I came to think that maybe, its a way to eliminate a useless villager. But I think that tradition Isnt the right way to do that. I also wonder why is It that they are not feeling guilty after throwing stones to one of their townsfolk. The only answer that I can think is because its not their choice to punish Mrs.. Hutchinson, it was chosen randomly. But still, the belief that if you will be punished randomly without a cause isnt a good tradition. So thats why some villages abandoned the lottery tradition. It Is really unfair to Mrs.. Hutchinson. She said that It was unfair. But, if she is not the one drew the paper with black spot; she wouldnt say that it was unfair, so the only thing that unfair is the lottery. Yet, If that Is their tradition, I am respecting It, Just Like the traditions of the Aztec in South America. They sacrificed lives to their God for a good fortune to their validation. So as I look to the other side of the story, I think their doing it to sacrifice a life for the benefit of the village. But still, I disagree with the tradition. Why would you kill someone that you knew your whole life? Why would you kill a friend? They could have sacrificed an animal like a cow or something else. I feel sorry for Mrs.. Hutchinson being the one who was chosen to be stoned to death. If I am one of the village people there, I already left the village and went to another place where the lottery tradition was already abandoned. I dont want to be stoned to death especially by my love ones. But still, if I were Mrs.. Hutchinson, I would try to attack or run to escape the unfairness of the tradition. But still no one opposes the principle, I dont know why. I also wonder what if little Dave was the one who picked the paper with black spot? Are they going to stone him to death? How horrible. For my opinion, they should stop ten titration Decease In ten TLS place, It Is a Dad thing Tort ten CNN someone. Learn to Kill I felt like a major part of Jacksons message is to demonstrate how powerful the raciest of a community can determine the course of a human life. Jackson uses the shocking elements of her story to warn her readers that if they follow social practices blindly and neglect to question its principle, they sway the course of life. For me, the lesson that I got from the story is that not all the traditions are good or not beneficiary. But, because its their belief, we should respect it. They should be the one to realize that this kind of tradition should be abandoned. We should not follow all the social practices and we should have the confidence to oppose it if we find it wrong or unfair,

French Rev Essay

French Rev Essay French Rev Essay The French Revolution did fulfill the ideas of the Enlightenment. The French Revolution idea was brought over across the Atlantic Ocean from the Americas. The French abetted the colonies on their revolution against Britain and France got the same idea to split with its king. It all started when the king locked the 3rd estate out of the court meeting and so they later met in a tennis court and started the writing of the Constitution. They wrote down what they understood should be for everyone. Many disagreed and so began the French Revolution. The French Revolutions initial goal was to overthrow the monarchical system and the belief of absolutism in France. Although it didn't go as intended, although it still was able to convey equality and the idea of the Enlightenment such has separation of powers, religious toleration and natural rights into actuality among the people. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen is an example of this Enlightenment idea happening. It talks about how men and citizens are assured religious freedom, freedom of speech and press and inalienable rights. â€Å"Men are born and remain free and equal in rights†¦ The purpose of all political associations is the preservation of the natural†¦ rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression.† – Articles 1 and 2, Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. This is an example of a John Locke’s idea of natural law and equality under the law, that everyone is born with and it is something that can’t be taken away. Allowed all men to be appointed into public office that should be based on talent and that no group should be except from taxation. This document was a huge step into creating the Constitution. This brought all three estates into one group, the people of France. This is like the Bill of R ights in the U.S that was used to display equality though out the United States. It is the foundation of what the Constitution is based on. This document however didn't talk about the role of women or slavery; it did talk about the citizens implying to those other who weren't men and this was a huge step into finally enlightening France and breaking away from monarchy and its evil tormentor. The Constitution also played a vast part into bringing the Enlightenment ideas into France. Many people that influenced some articles of this document were Montesquieu, Locke, Voltaire and Rousseau. The French Constitution talks about the guaranteed rights and equality of everyone. It also talks about what can and can’t be done. â€Å"That all taxes shall be assessed equally upon all citizens†¦ the legislative power may not make any laws which infringe upon†¦ the Constitution.† – The French Constitution of 1791. The Constitution of the United States is still in place today and it is what we Americans are proud of and what we respect something that gave us our independence. This French Constitution is what helps get their independence from the king and the other estates. It brought the idea

Take Our Responsibility in Groups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Take Our Responsibility in Groups - Essay Example In most cases, when people are in a group they think and do things differently than as they would when they are alone. For instance, in cases where there is a dangerous incidence, it can be observed that most people particularly women will respond by running away in order to seek help. In so doing this, they might be at a risk of landing in problems but at the end they could be safe. However, if people are in a group and such a dangerous incident happens, it can be noted that most of them will respond by holding back. In the essay, Carol Tavris noted that such response is not because â€Å"people are lazy, cowardly or have 50 other personality deficiencies; it has more to do with the nature of groups than the nature of individuals.† In relation to this, there are several examples given in the essay to illustrate and justify such a response and show what people did in reality. In one experiment, the experiment settings was set in such a way that students sat in a room, either alone or in groups. They were then exposed to an emergence incidence that included a smoke. Later, the student’s response was monitored. In this case, it was observed that Students, who were alone responded first by hesitating for a minute, then later got up, and checked where the smoke was coming from. Afterwards, they responded by reporting the incidence/emergency to the authority. On the other hand, the students who were sitting in groups never made any move. They were seen to sit for about six minutes in the smoke until the level where they could barely see properly. They responded by rubbing their eyes as well as coughing. Basing on this given example in the essay, it can be noted that when people are in a group and an emergence happens or a dangerous incident which is risky to their lives. They will respond by taking no action at that point in time. This could be because they might assume that nothing should be done since the situation has

How i plan to study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How i plan to study - Essay Example [Author not known1, 2005].The first step of my study plan is to diligently attend all the lectures pertaining to my subject and try to seek clarification in case of any doubts regarding the topic discussed . The next step is to identify the important points . I will capture the main ideas in the form of notes. [Landsberger, 2005]. I will utilize mind-mapping technique because it is an effective tool of taking notes. It is a technique of taking notes through key words and images. This method helps in quick jotting down of relevant information and is an effective method to remember and review the contents of the lectures. In mind mapping technique, the sentences and paragraphs will be represented in the form of key words and images. Circle the most important word represented by symbol or phrase. Write the related topic outside the circle close to each other. Gradually, the map expands in the direction the topic navigates. This helps the topic in being more specific or detailed. [Landsberger, 2005] Thirdly, I will link and cross-reference key words and images utilized in the mind maps. [Author not known2, 2005]. This will help me to relate to the key notes, phrases, questions and images mentioned in the notes. Fourthly, I will memorize the contents learnt in the classroo